The assessment of space radiation exposure on plants, animals, cell cultures, as well as the astronauts, is crucial not only because it is very different from that to which they are subjected on the earth, but also to understand the combined effects of exposure to space radiation under microgravity. In particular, we evaluated the equivalent dose due to neutrons and charged particles for biolog...

This paper describes a neutron monitor which consists of a spherical neutron moderator, 12′′ in diameter, with a thermal neutron detector which detects delayed β-radiation from silver activation. The thermal neutron detector is based on four silicon diodes at the centre of the moderator, two of which are covered by silver foils, 250 μm thick, and two by tin foils, 360 μm thick. The latter two d...

Medical linear accelerators are one of the most widespread methods for cancer treatment. Despite their advantages, unwanted photoneutrons are produced by high energy linacs. This photoneutrons are as undesired doses to patients and a significant problem for radiation protection of the staffs and patients. Photoneutrons radiological risk must be evaluated because of their high LET and range.in o...

The survival of B6D2F1 female mice exposed to lethal doses of fission neutron radiation is increased when trehalose dimycolate (TDM) preparations are given either 1 h after exposure or 1 day before exposure to radiation. TDM in an emulsion of squalene, Tween 80, and saline was the most effective formulation for increasing the 30-day survival of mice when given 1 day before (90%) or 1 h after (8...

We have shown previously that genistein, the major isoflavone in soybean, inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro by affecting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. To augment the effect of radiation for prostate carcinoma, we have now tested the combination of genistein with photon and neutron radiation on prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. The effects of photon or neutro...

Future human spaceflight programs will focus on deep space, asteroids, lunar, and Mars surface operations with larger, more massive spacecraft structures necessary for transportation of crew and cargo. In addition to the challenges of manufacturing and launching these larger, more massive structures, there are added challenges from the space radiation environment and its impacts on the crew, el...

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most relativistic objects known so far, involving, on one hand an ultra-relativistic motion with a Lorentz factor Γ > 100 and on the other hand an accreting newborn black hole. The two main routes leading to this scenario: binary neutron star mergers and Collapsar the collapse of a rotating star to a black hole, are classical sources for gravitational radiation. ...

1. Sources of particles 1.1 Particle Accelerators 1.2 Neutron sources 2. Sources of high-energy radiation 2.1 Conventional sources 2.2. Large Bremsstrahlung Sources 2.3. Synchrotron radiation 2.4. Free electron and X-ray lasers 3. Detectors 3.1. Interaction of radiation with matter 3.1.1. Interaction of particles with matter 3.1.2. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter 3.2. Parti...

Coalescing compact binaries with neutron star or black hole components provide the most promising sources of gravitational radiation for detection by the LIGO/VIRGO/GEO/TAMA laser interferometers now under construction. This fact has motivated several different theoretical studies of the inspiral and hydrodynamic merging of compact binaries. Analytic analyses of the inspiral waveforms have been...

Radiation sensitive polymer gels are among the most promising three-dimensional dose verification tools developed to date. Polymer gel dosimeter known by the acronym MAGIC has been tested for evaluation of its use in boron neutron capture (BNCT) dosimetry. We irradiated a large (diameter 10 cm, length 20 cm) cylindrical gel phantom in the epithermal neutron beam of the Finnish BNCT facility at ...