Contemporary neuroscience holds that central nervous system (CNS) function ultimately derives from the organization of neurons into complex associations analogous to electrical circuits. For these circuits to function, however, the neurons must be able to communicate with one another; in fact, they must exchange small electrical impulses. While some neurons accomplish this task by direct cellul...

Neurotransmitters are traditionally viewed as nerve-secreted molecules that trigger or inhibit neuronal functions. Yet, neurotransmitters bind also their neurotransmitter receptors in T-cells and directly activate or suppress T-cell functions. This review focuses only on the activating effects of neurotransmitters on T-cells, primarily naïve/resting cells, and covers dopamine, glutamate, seroto...