Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not undergone formal peer review or the editorial treatment accorded RFF books and other publications. Abstract Uncertainty about costs causes otherwise equivalent price and quantity controls to result in different quantity responses and costs. Weitzman (1974) found that th...

OBJECTIVES This paper examines the cost effectiveness of the compulsory bicycle helmet wearing law (HWL) introduced in New Zealand on 1 January 1994. The societal perspective of costs is used for the purchase of helmets and the value of injuries averted. This is augmented with healthcare costs averted from reduced head injuries. METHODS Three age groups were examined: cyclists aged 5-12 years...

Coarse-grained arc consistency algorithms like AC-3, AC-3d, and AC-2001, are efficient when it comes to transforming a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) to its arc consistent equivalent. These algorithms repeatedly carry out revisions to remove unsupported values from the domains of the variables. The order of these revisions is determined by so-called revision ordering heuristics. In this ...

BACKGROUND: BPD is a serious mental illness in which psychotherapy has been shown to improve patient outcomes and reduce the use of health services. In most studies of psychotherapy, lower use of health services has been taken to imply lower health service costs. However, the costs of psychotherapy can offset any cost savings due to reduced use of other health services. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To es...

In this paper a model is proposed for distribution centers location and joint replenishment of a distribution system that is responsible for orders and product delivery to distribution centers. This distribution centers are under limitedwarehouse space and this can determine amount of requirement product by considering proposed discount.The proposed model is develop to minimize total costs cons...

capacity control consists of adjusting the quantity of gas supplied by the compressor to suit the fluctuating demands of the plant. In the modern processing plants, energy costs amount to about 65 per cent of the cwerall costs. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that the control system should be such that the compressor power is almost proportional to the quantity of gas delivered. For th...

There are many evidences that people tend to overweight low-probability events and underweight highprobability events. This risk attitude is generally expressed as an inverse-S shaped weighting function. This paper considers a risk-averse inventory manager who operates a continuous-review inventory system subject to supply disruption risk. Both Zero-Inventory-Order (ZIO) and Non-ZIO policies ar...

Production costs in general, and workforce and inventory costs in particular, constitute a large fraction of the operating costs of many manufacturing plants. We introduce cooperative aggregate production planning as a way to decrease these costs. That is, when production planning of two or more facilities (plants) is integrated, they can interchange workforce and products inventory; thus, thei...

PURPOSE Radiology benefit managers (RBMs) are widely used by private payers to manage the utilization of imaging services through prior authorization, and they have been proposed for use in the Medicare program. The authors created a framework for evaluating the impact of key parameters on the ability of RBMs to lower costs and used decision-analytic modeling to simulate the net impact of RBMs ...