Statements that " we have come to do biology in a new way " or " there is a new paradigm in biological research " are now commonplace. Nobody seems to be satisfied by a single good experiment that gives a precise answer to a well formulated question, which was the old way we did biology. On the contrary there is now a belief that a mass attack on parallel fronts can provide a database of all th...

a non-profit institution devoted to research on network industries, electronic commerce, telecommunications, the Internet, " virtual networks " comprised of computers that share the same technical standard or operating system, and on network issues in general. This paper examines the effect of recommender systems on the diversity of sales. Two anecdotal views exist about such effects. Some beli...

A monopolist offers a product to a market of consumers with heterogeneous quality preferences. Although initially uninformed about the product quality, they learn by observing past purchase decisions and reviews of other consumers. Our goal is to analyze the social learning mechanism and its effect on the seller’s pricing decision. This analysis borrows from the literature on social learning an...

The open source model is a form of software development with source code that is typically made available to all interested parties. At the core of this process is a decentralized production process: open source software development is done by a network of unpaid software developers. Using data from Sourceforge.net, the largest repository of Open Source Software (OSS) projects and contributors ...

We set the ground for research on a timed extension of Petri nets where time parameters are associated with tokens and arcs carry constraints that qualify the age of tokens required for enabling. The novelty is that, rather than a single global clock, we use a set of unrelated clocks — possibly one per place — allowing a local timing as well as distributed time synchronisation. We give a formal...

In geometry processing, symmetry is a universal type of high-level structural information 3D models and benefits many processing tasks including shape segmentation, alignment, matching, completion. Thus it an important problem to analyze various forms shapes. Planar reflective the most fundamental one. Traditional methods based on spatial sampling can be time-consuming may not able identify all...