Introduction: Gadolinium based contrast agents have been reported to induce nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with impaired renal function. Skin fibrosis is a characteristic symptom while the mechanism of causing NSF is unclear. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicty Gd(III)-based contrast agents, including Omniscan®, Mutihance® and ProHance®, to normal rat skin fibroblast...

Presented to the Society, December, 1955 under the title ^4 necessary condition for nonoscillation of a system of second order differential equations, and August, 1956; received by the editors August 2, 1956. 1 These results were obtained while the author held a National Science Foundation grant, NSF-G1825 and was at Yale University. Now at the University of Utah. 2 This paper contains a biblio...

The new National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services (Department of Health, 2004) draws together current recommendations for best practice. This article highlights the points most relevant to nurses from this 10-year plan of practice improvement.

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis is a sclero myxedema like systemic disorder characterized by erythematous, indurated, well-defined, plaques over the skin, seen commonly on limbs symmetrically, particularly in areas between ankle and mid-thigh and between wrist and mid-upper arm and also over trunk of the body. NSF is progressive, the plaques coalesce having ameboid advancing edge and skin becomes...

Gadolinium-based magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents (GBCM) causes a devastating systemic fibrosing illness, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), in patients with reduced kidney function. GBCM targets iron-recycling CD163- and ferroportin-expressing macrophages to release labile iron that mediates gadolinium toxicity and NSF. GBCA might similarly target iron-rich, ferroportin-expressing str...