The Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, and a quarantine organism within European Union. This pathogen was first detected in Portugal 1999, associated to dead coastal pines ( Pinus pinaster ), its vector among trees being native insect Monochamus galloprovincialis . Over years, management control both nematode has been implemented by Por...

The lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, was clearly demonstrated as a parasite of wheat. It reduced plant stands and stunted plants in the field under the environmental conditions found in Sonora, Mexico. Other soil organisms also may have contributed to the problem. The nematode is widely distributed throughout the wheat-growing region, and may be a problem each growing season. Nematicides ...

Phytoalexins phenalenones (PNs) are phytochemicals biosynthesized inside the plant in responsive to exterior threat. PNs are excellent type-II photosensitizers, which efficiently produce singlet oxygen upon light irradiation. Based on the core functional structure of PNs, novel PN derivatives were synthesized here and their singlet oxygen generating abilities and their phototoxicity were evalua...

Field experiments evaluated the effects of nematicide and fertility on performance of 'Tifway 419' bermudagrass parasitized by the sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus). Plot treatments were nontreated or nematicide (1,3-dichloropropene) treated combined with different nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels. Effects of treatments on numbers of B. longicaudatus and turf performance were compared. ...

The reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is a semi-endoparasitic organism in which the female penetrates the root cortex establishing a permanent feeding site (Robinson et al., 1997). It has become a serious threat to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in Arkansas and the mid-South (Zhao et al., 2000) because yield losses in infested fields may exceed 50% under stress conditions ...

Parasitism, and gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in particular, is arguably the most serious constraint affecting ruminant production world-wide. Economic losses are caused by decreased production, cost of prophylaxis, cost of treatment, and the death of infected animals. It is difficult by any form of major survey or other estimation to establish precise figures on losses incurred in produ...