Aimed at the problems of low generation efficiency, serious redundancy and poor matching capability of detectors, the extension negative selection algorithm (ENSA) is proposed by fusing extenics and artificial intelligence system. The basic conceptions of ENSA are described by basic element, and the affinity between detector and antigen or antibody is calculated by dependent function. The algor...

Negative selection algorithms generate their detector sets based on the points of self data. In the approach described in this paper, the continuous self region is defined by the collection of self data. This has important differences from the negative selection algorithms that simply take each self point and its vicinity as the self region: when the training self points are used together as a ...

Dengue is a critical communicable and vector-borne disease and is becoming a serious concern in Malaysia. It is important to have an early detection system that could provide immediate action, such as the control of dengue transmission at a specific location. However, the available strategy and action may give long-term effects to the community since inaccurate decision making or prediction may...

TOLERANCE (which is antigen-specific) must be distinguished from immune deficiency (non-specific). Its most important manifestation, the maintenance of SELFTOLERANCE, was originally explained by the Clonal Selection theory as the result of CLONAL ABORTION of self-reactive clones. However, potentially self-reactive Tand B-cells do exist in normal individuals, leading to the recognition of the im...

Persistent genetic variation within populations presents an evolutionary problem, as natural selection and genetic drift tend to erode genetic diversity. Models of balancing selection were developed to account for the maintenance of genetic variation observed in natural populations. Negative frequency-dependent selection is a powerful type of balancing selection that maintains many natural poly...

This paper presents a real-valued negative selection algorithm with good mathematical foundation that solves some of the drawbacks of our previous approach [11]. Specifically, it can produce a good estimate of the optimal number of detectors needed to cover the non-self space, and the maximization of the non-self coverage is done through an optimization algorithm with proven convergence propert...

Humans exhibit hand preference for most manual activities in which they are specialized. Right- and left-handers have coexisted at least since the Upper Palaeolithic, and left-handers are in the minority in all human populations. The persistence of the polymorphism of handedness is a puzzle because this trait is substantially heritable and several fitness costs are associated with left-handedne...

Negative selection is an immune-inspired algorithm which is typically applied to anomaly detection problems. We present an empirical investigation of the generalization capability of the Hamming negative selection, when combined with the r-chunk affinity metric. Our investigations reveal that when using the rchunk metric, the length r is a crucial parameter and is inextricably linked to the inp...

DR3 (Ws1, Apo3, LARD, TRAMP, TNFSFR12) is a member of the death domain-containing tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, members of which mediate a variety of developmental events including the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have investigated the in vivo role(s) of DR3 by generating mice congenitally deficient in the expression of the DR3 gene. ...

This paper describes b-v model which is enhanced version of the negative selection algorithm (NSA). In contrast to formerly presented approaches, binary and real-valued detectors are incorporated. The reason behind developing this hybrid is willingness to overcome the scalability problems, which are a key problem, when only one type of detectors is used. Although high-dimensional datasets are a...