mains a driving factor in the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Although a large body of scientific evidence supports the application of prevention initiative, such as needle exchanges and methadone maintenance, these programs remain controversial and coverage of such programs remains low. A report by the Global HIV Prevention Working Group estimates that only 8% of injection drug users globally have access t...

BACKGROUND In 2003, a major epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus emerged among injection drug users in Taiwan. In response to the twin epidemics of HIV and intravenous drug addiction, the government implemented comprehensive harm reduction programs beginning in 2005. Collected data from relevant agencies were used to explore the impact of the harm reduction programs on HIV and illicit drug ...

During the nineties, translation memory (TM) technology revolutionised the way corporations and translators handled specialised text. Last year, 2004, the TM industry leader and de facto standard Trados turned 20. This article examines Trados’ contribution to the development of TM and its current hold on the translation and globalisation markets as reflected by information gathered from the web...

Automated method for exchange transfusion Sir, Philpott and Banerjee (Archives, 1972) are to be congratulated on their method of exchange transfusion using a two-channel Holter pump. Many have been interested in this technical problem, and the Holter pump provides an acceptable solution. The pumping rate of the machine is accurate to ±3%. More importantly, the discrepancy between the flow rates...

Recent internationalisation effort of the Swedish Armed Forces has led to rapidly increased demand on interoperability in general and information exchange in particular. Flexibly composed units involve the building of never complete system. Nevertheless, the challenge of connecting systems turns out not to be only a matter of technical issues but also semantic (unique interpretation of informat...

This study was designed to investigate the effect of anaerobic digestion on biochar produced from sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse was anaerobically digested to produce methane. The digested residue and fresh bagasse was pyrolyzed separately into biochar at 600 degrees C in nitrogen environment. The digested bagasse biochar (DBC) and undigested bagasse biochar (BC) were characterized to det...

In this article, we consider the small-time asymptotics of options on a Leveraged Exchange-Traded Fund (LETF) when the underlying Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) exhibits both local volatility and jumps of either finite or infinite activity. Our main results are closed-form expressions for the leading order terms of off-the-money European call and put LETF option prices, near expiration, with explic...

This paper develops a model for the forward and spot exchange rate which allows for the presence of a Markov switching risk premium in the forward market and considers the issue of testing for the unbiased forward exchange rate (UFER) hypothesis. Using US/UK data, it is shown that the UFER hypothesis cannot be rejected provided that instrumental variables are used to account for within-regime c...

e-Governance and e-Learning are two important facets of electronic transmission of information on two different planes. If electronic government programs are vital for the improvement of public services, then 'e-Learning' is a boon for ensuring qualitative education all around. Many people are still confused if 'e-Governance' and 'e-Learning' are synonymous. This paper attempts to unveil this c...

This paper presents a revised comparison of Bayesian logic programs (BLPs) and stochastic logic programs (SLPs) based on a previous work. We first explore their semantical differences in terms of probabilistic logic learning settings and first-order probabilistic logics. We then revise BLP-SLP translations to resolve a potential ‘contradictory refutation’ problem. We finally work on the compari...