An axiomatic constructive development of the theory of nearness and apartness of a point and a set is introduced as a setting for topology.

Nitric oxide modulates the expression of matricellular genes involved in fibrosis in renal glomerular mesangial cells Dissertation Submitted for the acquisition of the degree of Ph. Acknowledgements Praise be to Almighty Allah who is worth all the praises and from whom I seek help and guidance. Thanks to the All-Compassionate and the Most-Merciful who gave me the courage and the strength to com...

The nearness diagram (ND) navigation method is a reactive navigation method used for obstacle avoidance in which five different robot-environment states are defined and five corresponding actions are designed carefully. In the ND+ navigation method, one more robot-environment state is added and all action equations are reformed to both achieve smoother robot motions and reduce manual parameter ...

ii iii To my Family … iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT All praise and glory is to almighty Allah who gave me the courage and patience to carry out this work, and peace and blessings of Allah be upon his last prophet Muhammad. Acknowledgement is due to King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals for supporting this research. I am grateful to the electrical engineering department, faculty and staff, for all ...

Completeness for metric spaces is traditionally presented in terms of convergence of Cauchy sequences, and for uniform spaces in terms of Cauchy filters. Somewhat more abstractly, a uniform space is complete if and only if it is closed in every uniform space in which it is embedded, and so isomorphic to any space in which it is densely embedded. This is the approach to completeness used in the ...