THE USUAL type of California earthquake is associated with a relative horizontal slipping of the two faces of a fault which lies essentially in a vertical plane. As a consequence of this slipping, the surface of the ground experiences a severe motion in the neighborhood of the fault during large earthquakes. This surface ground motion can be measured, and for the relatively small number of stro...

This paper aimed to determine the effects of a pulse signal near-fault ground motion on dynamic response gravity dams, including dam-reservoir-foundation interaction, using different reservoir modelling approaches such as Westergaard, Lagrange, and Euler. As case study, Sarıyar concrete dam located Sakarya River, 120 km northeast Ankara, was considered for investigating ground-motion responses....

The increase in bearing displacements of sliding isolated buildings due to near-fault earthquakes, with long-period pulse type of ground motion, is an important problem. Often, supplemental nonlinear passive dampers are incorporated into the isolation system to reduce the base displacements; however, this may increase the interstory drifts and accelerations in the superstructure. Hence, there i...

This paper presents a finite element method (FEM) framework for the dynamic analysis of coupled vehicle—bridge systems under nearfield /far-field ground motions. A train car with two bogies is assumed to be represented sufficiently by a discrete, rigid multi-body system with thirty-eight degrees of freedoms (DOFs). The normal Hertzian contact theory and the tangential Kalker linear theory modif...

We perform 2-D simulations of earthquakes on rough faults in media with random heterogeneities (with von Karman distribution) to study the effects of geometric and material heterogeneity on the rupture process and resulting high-frequency ground motions in the near-fault region (out to ∼20 km). Variations in slip and rupture velocity can arise from material heterogeneity alone but are dominantl...

We present a new strategy to estimate the geometry of a rupture on a finite fault in real time for earthquake early warning. We extend the work of Cua and Heaton who developed the virtual seismologist (VS) method (Cua, 2005), which is a Bayesian approach to seismic early warning using envelope attenuation relationships. This article extends the VS method to large earthquakes where fault finiten...

Recent studies emphasize the rapid assessment of earthquake source properties, such as moment magnitude, to help alleviate the impact of earthquakes. Depending on local crustal structure, earthquakes occurring at different depths can differ greatly in high-frequency motions, which emphasizes the importance in constraining focal depth for the predictions of strong motions. For large earthquakes,...

Near-source ground motion at four azimuths but constant epicentral range 1s computed from a buried circular strike-slip fault in a half-space. Particle acceleration, velocity, and displacement at each station on the free surface is computed in the frequency band 0.0 to 5.0 Hz. The assumed dislocation is denved from the Kostrov (1964) displacement function for a continuously propagating stress r...