today’s civil law faced new challenges and situations for protecting human in role of consumer and also attention to industrial life growing made new branch of law called consumer law that have some positive result in all economic, social and political aspects like increasing household income, reduce conflict and tension between buyer and seller in society and increased public participation i...

In contrast to the substantial scholarship on whether bilateral investment treaties (BITs) increase foreign direct (FDI), there is less work what drives governments sign these in first place. I develop a theory of treaty signing that emphasizes domestic factors motivate government BITs. Using panel dataset developing countries from 1960 2010, find scarce natural resources are more likely BITs c...

Given the importance of “property rights” in American law and cul- ture, academic judicial disagreement over content con- cept is a problem. Professor Eric Claeys makes considerable progress toward resolving this problem his forthcoming book, Natural Prop- erty Rights. Using John Locke’s labor theory property, treatise identifies intelligible limits to kinds objects that qualify as prop- provid...

Plant Genetic Resources (PGRs) are one of the most valuable natural resources of anycountry. Biotechnology through genetic engineering of plants and the creation of new plantvarieties can increase the value of these resources. Different technical and legalmechanisms such as ex situ/in situ collection of PGRs, and Intellectual Property Rights(IPRs...