The basic motivation of this work is to make formal theory developments with machine-checked proofs accessible to a broader audience. Our particular approach is centered around the Isar formal proof language that is intended to support adequate composition of proof documents that are suitable for human consumption. Such primary proofs written in Isar may be both checked by the machine and read ...

Many methods have been proposed for efficient storage of molecular hydrogen for fuel cell applications. However, despite intense research efforts, the twin U.S. Department of Energy goals of 6.5% mass ratio and 62 kg/m3 volume density has not been achieved either experimentally or via theoretical simulations on reversible model systems. Carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes, have alw...

In this paper, we present Smart Diary, a novel application integrating mobile sensing, activity inference, and natural language processing to facilitate novel knowledge representations of sensor data. Smart Diary records and analyzes a person’s daily life and transcribes those activities into human-readable outputs referred to a diary. Smart Diary makes four key contributions. First, to our bes...

We discuss the general concept of calculational reasoning within Isabelle/Isar, which provides a framework for high-level natural deduction proofs that may be written in a human-readable fashion. Setting out from a few basic logical concepts of the underlying meta-logical framework of Isabelle, such as higher-order unification and resolution, calculational commands are added to the basic Isar p...

Humans and robots think in different ways: humans evaluate qualitatively while robots process quantitative data. For example, a human may say “I am at the east of the building” in expressing a location, while a robot may use a precise coordinate. Similarly a human may specify “run carefully” in requiring a behavior pattern, but a robot may read linear and angular velocities. There is a need to ...

to survive in natural waters, bacteria must respond to a variety of environmental variables such asstarvation. flexibacter chinensis was grown and multiplied in the starvation medium and its viable count, totalcount and cell size were investigated under different temperatures. also, the effects of different nutrientsources were investigated. the survival of the organism under starvation conditi...

In this paper surface energy and elastic medium effects on torsional vibrational behavior of nanorods are studied. The surface elasticity theory is used to consider the surface energy effects and the elastic medium is modeled as torsional springs attached to the nanorod. At the next step, Hamilton’s principle is utilized to derive governing equations and boundary conditions. Then, with the aid ...

The paper first discusses the real fluids circulating in the earth’s crust, and justifies the need to examine the natural convection in a porous medium of a simple pure fluid with properties resembling those near the thermodynamic critical point. The literature on natural convection in a homogenous porous medium between isothermal horizontal plates, the lower one hotter, is then reviewed. Resul...

Some time ago I entered upon a study of the relations of different salts and nutrients to the metabolism of bacteria. The first step in the investigation lay in the preparation of a salt-free culture medium. A perusal of the literature indicated that the preparation of such a medium had never been really at tempted with natural nutrients; and all the work upon the influence of particular salts ...

doing centralized and coherent activities between governmental agencies is essential at any level. creating suitable institutional structure for appropriate solutions of policy problem in natural resources at multiple levels is possible using application of network governance. the aim of this paper is institutional network analysis with co-management of zagros dry forests in regional (county) l...