The tests were carried out with the spark timing adjusted to the maximum brake torquetiming in various equivalence ratios and engine speeds for gasoline and natural gas operations. In thiswork, the lower heating value of gasoline is about 13.6% higher than that of natural gas. Based on theexperimental results, the natural gas operation causes an increase of about 6.2% brake special fuelconsumpt...

Nowadays one of the most important energy sources is natural gas. By depletion of oil reservoirs in the world, natural gas will emerge as the future energy source for human life. One of the major concerns of gas suppliers is being able to supply this source of energy the entire year. This concern intensifies during more consuming seasons of the year when the demand for natural gas increases, r...

We investigate the evolution of angular momentum in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations of galaxy formation, paying particular attention to artificial numerical effects. We find that a cold gas disc forming in an ambient hot gas halo receives a strong hydrodynamic torque from the hot gas. By splitting the hydrodynamic force into artificial viscosity and pressure gradients, we find ...

Abstract: An extremely interesting problem in aero-hydrodynamics is the sound radiation of a single vortical structure. Currently, this type of problem is mainly considered for an incompressible medium. In this paper a method was developed to take into account the viscosity and thermal conductivity of gas. The acoustic radiation frequency of a cylindrical vortex on a flat wall in viscous heat-c...

The present sought to draw a comparison between Model Predictive Control performance and two other controllers named Simple PI and Selective PI in controlling large-scale natural gas transport networks. A nonlinear dynamic model of representative gas pipeline was derived from pipeline governing rules and simulated in SIMULINK® environment of MATLAB®. Control schemes were designed to provide a s...

Recent developments in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) have enabled the recovery of large quantities of natural gas and oil from old, low-permeability shales. These developments include a change from low-volume, high-viscosity fluid injection to high-volume, low-viscosity injection. The injected fluid introduces distributed damage that provides fracture permeability for the extraction of the ga...

In this paper, we continue our previous work of studying viscous generalized Chaplygin gas as a unified dark fluid but the bulk viscosity perturbations. By using the currently available cosmic observational data from SNLS3, BAO, HST, and recently released Planck, we obtain a constraint on the bulk viscosity coefficient: ζ0 = 0.0000138+0.00000614+0.0000145+0.0000212 −0.0000105−0.0000138−0.000013...

We present a quantum lattice gas model for a quantum computer operating with continual local decoherence; entanglement of the wavefunction occurs locally over small spatial regions between nearby qubits for only a short time period. The quantum lattice gas is a noiseless method that directly models the lattice-gas particle dynamics at the mesoscopic scale. The system behaves like a viscous Navi...

We investigate the domain growth and phase separation of hydrodynamically correct binary immiscible fluids of differing viscosity as a function of minority phase concentration in both two and three spatial dimensions using dissipative particle dynamics. We also examine the behavior of equal-viscosity fluids and compare our results to similar lattice-gas simulations in two dimensions.