NcSRS2, a tachyzoite surface protein of Neospora caninum, is an immunodominant protein with respect to induction of antibody production and has a role in attachment and invasion of host cells. Native NcSRS2 was isolated from whole tachyzoite lysate antigen by affinity chromatography using NcSRS2 specific monoclonal antibody and used to immunize BALB/c mice in a congenital transmission study. Nc...

Protein aggregates have been reported to act as a reservoir that can release biologically active, native form of precursor protein. Keeping this fact into consideration, it is tempting to exploit protein aggregate-based antigen delivery system as a functional vaccine to expand desirable immunological response in the host. Herein, we explored the capacity of aggregated Ag85B of Mycobacterium tub...

Pathogen-specific membrane immunogens of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum) have been identified previously by phase partitioning with the nonionic detergent Triton X-114. One of these antigens, a 15-kilodalton (kDa) polypeptide, is expressed in relatively small quantities in T. pallidum but is highly immunogenic in both human and experimental syphilis. The native T. pallidum anti...

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases in some countries world. considered a neglected disease. This disease increases economic damage via medical costs and loss human livestock productivity. The aim current study gains better understanding prevalence CE sheep. Totally 250 sheep sera were collected. 25 serum samples from newborn lambs used as negative, others ...

background: the therapy of leishmania infection is difficult and each year 1.5 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 500,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis are estimated, therefore, there is a need for an effective vaccine. monoclonal antibody (mab) is one of the suitable methods for isolation and purification of leishmania antigens. in this report, we produced several mab again...

In recent years, there has been much debate about the concept of digital natives, in particular the differences between the digital natives’ knowledge and adoption of digital technologies in informal versus formal educational contexts. This paper investigates the knowledge about educational technologies of a group of undergraduate students studying the course Introduction to eLearning at a univ...

In the literature students are sometimes assumed to feel empowered with respect to learning because of their familiarity with and access to ICT. However, after interviewing 25 students from post-elementary schools, it was found that the majority of the students, although they use the Internet and other ICT for school purposes, believed that their generation is not as good at learning as the pre...

For startup firms, innovation is their main modus operandi. At the organizational level, they are digital natives, birthed in the era of digital business models. Well-established, traditional businesses, however, face a unique set of challenges in introducing digital business models: how can they balance “keeping the lights on” with an existing non-digital business model while concurrently comm...

Daily Not used Daily Not used To play digital music files 62.8% 8.6% 57.7% 7.9% To play games 38.7% 13.0% 19.9% 19.5% To type a document 32.2% 2.2% 31.4% 0.5% To manage or manipulate pictures 14.7% 26.0% – – To create or manipulate images 10.1% 36.7% 6.7% 16.0% To execute commands 9.0% 49.4% – – To create or edit audio and video 8.6% 39.7% 3.7% 52.7% To create a database 8.3% 28.9% – – To creat...