The unprecedented engagement of scientists from government, academia, and industry enabled multiple unanticipated and unique problems to be addressed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. During the months between the initial blowout on April 20, 2010, and the final well kill on September 19, 2010, researchers prepared options, analyses of tradeoffs, assessments, and calculations of uncertain...

Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO2 + NO) are a highly regulated species that play a major role in the formation of photochemical smog. While NOx emissions are generally decreasing over the U.S. as a result of more stringent environmental policies and improved emissions control technologies, the shale oil and natural gas industry is reversing this rate of changes in certain regions. We present here a qu...

Underground injection of carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a common practice in the oil and gas industry and has often been cited as a proven method of sequestering CO2 (US DOE, 1999). Of all sequestration methods, this is probably the best understood, as carbon dioxide has been used in the oil industry for many years. Additionally, most oil fields have been relatively well char...

When liability is limited by bankruptcy, theory says that firms will take excessive environmental and public health risks. In the long run, this “judgmentproof problem” may increase the share of small producers, even when there are economies of scale. I use quasi-experimental variation in liability exposure to measure the effects of bankruptcy protection on industry structure and environmental ...

For several decades, petroleum has been a commodity of vital impor-tance to the global economy, in which a number of interesting marketphenomena has occurred. This monograph represents my efforts todescribe several of these phenomenon, along with a few other elementsof the oil market. My focus is on elements related to the extractionof petroleum, and the interactions between...

INTRODUCTION History and Background Objectives Data Sources Need for the Study Method of Analysis GENERAL INFORMATION • The Oil Shale Resource Retorting Technologies State of the Industry TABLE OF CONTENTS Assumptions about Oil Shale Technology Application . CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF OIL SHALE AND SHALE PRODUCTS Background Description of Oil Shale Shale Oil Spent Shale • Indicator Compound POTE...

There are reports of gas and oil wells fire due to different accidents. Many different methods are used for fire fighting in gas and oil industry. Traditional fire extinguishing techniques are mostly faced with many problems and are usually time consuming and needs lots of equipments. Besides, they cause damages to facilities, and create health and environmental problems. This article proposes ...

Workers operating in the oil and gas exploration industries are at risk for exposure to sour gas—gas containing H2S (hydrogen sulfide) at potentially toxic levels. Operations located in densely populated areas pose additional threats of exposure to the general public. The danger can develop over time, even if the gas source was initially “sweet” (low in H2S). Local and national regulations defi...

An important question with respect to the Deepwater Horizon accident is whether the accident is a symptom of systemic safety problems in the deepwater drilling industry. An answer to such a question is hard to obtain unless the risk level related to major accident prevention, preparedness, and responses of the oil and gas industry is measured and evaluated over time. In this paper, we present i...

introduction: in any organization particularly in health care centers, the clients' satisfaction provides the conditions to achieve the pre-determined objectives. one of the ways to get the clients' satisfaction is to follow the clients' takrim plan. to this end, in this article, the clients' takrim plan was studied in health centers affiliated with oil industry organization. methods and materi...