Estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists such as tamoxifen (Tam) have been used successfully to treat ER+ breast cancers for more than 30 years. Unfortunately, long term use of Tam can result in resistance. Tam resistance is associated with the activation of growth factor signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and survival. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), is up-regulated in T...

The paranasal air sinuses and nasal cavities were studied along with other cephalic spaces (brain cavity, paratympanic sinuses) in certain dinosaurs via CT scanning and 3D visualization to document the anatomy and examine the contribution of the sinuses to the morphological organization of the head as a whole. Two representatives each of two dinosaur clades are compared: the theropod saurischia...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the available literature regarding Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) treatment. METHODS Keywords "Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome," "Sleep-related Breathing Disorder treatment," "Obstructive Sleep Apnea treatment" and "flow limitation and sleep" were used in main databases. RESULTS We found 27 articles describing UARS treatment. Nasal continuous positive airway ...

Background The association between smoking and lower airway inflammation and disease is well documented; however, it is not established whether smoking also induces disease of the upper airways. In a previous study, we found nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) to be associated with smoking in a dose-dependent manner; in addition, asthma and chronic bronchitis were linked with NAR. In the present study, ...

background the nasal septal deviation (nsd) is one of the major causes of nasal obstruction. this condition increases upper airway resistance. in this study we evaluated the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mpap) in patients with markedly deviated septum. methods sixty two patients with nsd (age range: 26-45 years, 34 men and 28 women) were included in the study. mean pulmonary artery pressure w...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of selective electrical stimulation of the tensor veli palatini muscle on upper airway patency. METHODS Pressure-flow relationships were evaluated, in a feline isolated upper airway preparation, to determine the role of the soft palate musculature on airflow dynamics. The tensor veli palatini muscles were selectively stimulated while monitoring upper airway co...

The report reflects an agreement based on the consensus conference of the International Standardization Committee on the Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airway in Riga, 2nd Nov. 2016. The aim of the conference was to address the existing nasal airway function tests and to take into account physical, mathematical and technical correctness as a base of international standardization as well as t...

introduction: neonatal nasal airway obstruction induces various degrees of respiratory distress. the management of this disease, including surgical repair, will depend on the severity and location of the obstruction. we describe here a case of congenital nasal nostril stenosis that required surgical repair for stenting of both nares after coanal atresia repair.   case report: a 2 days old femal...

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can cause undesirable nasal symptoms, such as congestion to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients, whose symptoms can be attenuated by the addition of heated humidification. However, neither the nature of nasal symptoms nor the effect of heated humidification on nasal pathophysiology and pathology are convincingly known. 20 patients with OSA on...

_____________________________________________ _____ This is an author produced version of a paper published in Clinical and experimental allergy: journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. "Lipopolysaccharide administration to the allergic nose contributes...