Online product review networks play an important role in Internet commerce by transmitting information that customers can use to evaluate products in digital marketplace. These networks frequently include an explicit social component allowing consumers to view both how community members have rated individual product reviews and the social status of individual reviewers. We extend this prior wor...

During starvation, the cell recycles cytoplasmic material by sequestering it in double-membrane organelles, called autophagosomes, which eventually fuse with lysosomes. In this issue, Hailey et al. (2010) identify the outer membrane of mitochondria as a new source of autophagosomal membranes during starvation.

TARGETED HIP EXTENSION EXERCISES ARE OFTEN PERFORMED TO DEVELOP STRENGTH, POWER, AND ENDURANCE IN THE HIP EXTENSORS. ALTHOUGH THESE EXERCISES CAN POSSESS SIMILAR MOVEMENT PATTERNS, BIOMECHANICALLY THE INSTANTANEOUS TORQUE AT DIFFERENT RANGES OF HIP EXTENSION VARIES DEPENDING ON BODY POSITION RELATIVE TO SPACE. FOR THESE REASONS, IT IS PROPOSED THAT: (A) HIP EXTENSION EXERCISES MIGHT TRANSFER BE...

Although the wiring of the cerebellar cortex appears to be uniform, the neurons in this region of the brain behave more differently from each other than previously thought.

Three principal types of chromosomal sex determination are found in nature: male heterogamety (XY systems, as in mammals), female heterogamety (ZW systems, as in birds), and haploid phase determination (UV systems, as in some algae and bryophytes). Although these systems share many common features, there are important biological differences between them that have broad evolutionary and genomic ...

asadi’s shahnameh is a great epic consisting of twenty-four thousand distiches and is attributed to asadi or another poet of the same nickname. this work was created in the same line of development as ferdowsi’s shahnameh. the main theme is the old campaign of soleymān to iran to confront with rostam and keykhosrow and to repeat the pattern of rostam’s battles with his children in a state of an...

In studying the extended writings of the 19 century Cuban thinker José Martí, scholars in Latin American modernity have identified a number of cultural urban narratives. The most important of these narratives is the result of his almost fifteen years of residing in New York. This narrative embedded in his journalism, scrap notes, literature, political speeches, etc.), has also been identified a...

Multiple illnesses are common in all homeless populations. While most previous studies have focused on experiences of mental illness, there is a scarcity of studies about experiences of bodily illness among people who are homeless. This study aimed to explore illness narratives of people who are homeless, and how homelessness as a social context shapes the experience of multiple and/or advancin...