Abstract The presence of water-immiscible organic liquids—commonly called non-aqueous phase liquids or NAPLs—in soils and groundwater, is a worldwide environmental problem. Typical examples NAPLs include: petroleum products, solvents liquid waste from laboratories industry. molecular components present in soils, rocks groundwater are readily transferred to the vapour aqueous phases. extent whic...

Aquifer remediation with in-situ soil washing techniques and enhanced oil removal typically involves the injection of liquid solutions into geological formation to displace mobilize non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). The efficiency these systems is oftentimes low because displacing fluid bypasses large quantities NAPL due inherent complexity a heterogeneous natural system. Here, engineered extr...

We present an experimental approach for investigating the potential for bioremediation of Ž . volatile organic compounds VOCs in fractured rock vadose zones. The experimental work was performed with rock samples and indigenous microorganisms from the site of the United States Ž . Department of Energy’s Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory INEEL , located in a basalt flow basi...

Subsurface fate and transport models are utilized to predict concentrations of chemicals leaching from wastes into downgradient receptor wells. The contaminant concentrations in groundwater provide a measure of the risk to human health and the environment. The level of potential risk is currently used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine whether management of the wastes shou...