'Behavioral coordination' theory of language of Maturana (1928-) does not give a clear explanation for the questions of how naming takes place and where a word adequate for our experience comes from. This flaw may be alleviated by Sartre (1905-1980)s 'reflection' theory. According to Sartre's theory, we can make two types of sentences from the same data: for example, "I am conscious of this cha...

Stroop interference is thought to index reading automaticity and is expected to increase with reading practice and to decrease with improved color naming. We investigated the effects of practice in word reading and color naming on interference in 92 adults and 109 children in Grades 4-5. For children, interference was reduced after reading practice with color words. In neither group was interfe...

objective : the major objective of this study was to determine the means and 95% confidence interval of normal 6 years old children's motor-verbal skills. based on the results of this study we could develop a measure to diagnose abnormal motor skills. in addition, in this follow-up study, we compared the first-graders' motor-verbal skills to their own skills one year earlier. method: ...

It has been argued that inhibition is a mechanism of attentional control in bilingual language performance. Evidence suggests that effects of inhibition are largest in the tail of a response time (RT) distribution in non-linguistic and monolingual performance domains. We examined this for bilingual performance by conducting delta-plot analyses of naming RTs. Dutch-English bilingual speakers nam...

visual memory (1) Non-verbal 0.45 (.26) 1.73 Animal test (1) Verbal 0.43 (.23) 1.87 Arithmetic task (2) Verbal 0.65 (.16) 4.05*** Auditory digit sequence (6) Verbal 0.55 (.16) 3.46** Auditory serial addition task (1) Verbal 1.41 (.40) 3.53*** Backward digit span (14) Verbal 0.63 (.12) 5.34*** Backward letter span (1) Verbal 0.83 (.26) 3.19** California Verbal Learning Test (1) Verbal 0.18 (.16)...

Children with Down syndrome are at risk of reading difficulties. Reading skills crucial for social and academic development, thus, understanding the nature in this clinical group is important. This longitudinal study investigated occurrence a Norwegian national age cohort 43 children from beginning first grade to third grade. Data were collected determine which characteristics distinguished tho...