This study aimed to evaluate the impact of genetically modified (GM) wheat with introduced pm3b mildew resistance transgene, on two types of root-colonizing microorganisms, namely pseudomonads and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Our investigations were carried out in field trials over three field seasons and at two locations. Serial dilution in selective King's B medium and microscopy were ...

The aim of this paper is to use the concept of the metafrontier function to study the determination of efficiency differentials and Technological Gap Ratio (TGR) on wheat production in Khorasan Razavi province. In this study, we used the metafrontier function and group frontier based on the concept of Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data analysis (StoNED). The data used in this stud...

After more than a century since its birth, Quantum Theory still eludes our under1 standing. If asked to describe it, we have to resort to abstract and ad hoc principles about 2 complex Hilbert spaces. How is it possible that a fundamental physical theory cannot be de3 scribed using the ordinary language of Physics? Here we offer a contribution to the problem, 4 providing a short non-technical p...

This issue of Diabetes Care contains an article by Jenkins et al. (1) with a surpris ing, perhaps counterintuitive result. The authors studied 23 type 2 diabetic volunteers in a randomized cross-over design with 3 months consumption of wheat bran contributing 19 g fiber per day, compared with 3 months consumption of refined grain with 4 g fiber per day. The wheat bran supplement had no discerni...

Pasta are important foods in Europe, mainly in ltaly (25 kg/capita/year), Greece, France (6 kg) and Spain . The best products (nutritional value, cooking quality, aspect) are processed from durum wheat semolina . Because of this difference in quality, and because of the new market regulation on January 1993, that will include a free circulation between the member States of pastas made of durum ...

ABSTRACT Advances in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a cornerstone structure elucidation of polycyclic 'cage' scaffolds. Due to the compactness these compounds, much overlap, as well unique through-space and bond NMR interactions are frequently observed. This review serves guide for future derivatives by providing some typical relevant aspects characteristic trends, substituent...

The effect of different extraction rates (64%, 82% and 90%) of wheat flour on the rheological properties of the wheat flour dough was investigated. A complete study of the rheological behavior of the wheat flour dough was performed by using three different instruments namely alveograph, extensograph, and farinograph. The correlation coefficient among the various parameters of applied methods wa...

To study the effects of applied nitrogen levels and wild mustard densities on the growth of wheat and wild mustard, a field experiment was conducted at Re-search and Experimental Field of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz-Iran. The effects of three nitrogen levels namely 90, 150 and 210 kg.ha-1 and four wild mustard densities such as 0, 5, 10 and 15 plants.m-2 were evaluated in split plot arrang...

We hypothesize that institutions such as agricultural cooperatives influence regional levels of variety diversity through input supply, processing or marketing functions. This diversity can also affect yield, a partial measure of crop productivity. We test these hypotheses with data from southern Italy, a mega-diversity spot and centre of diversity for durum wheat. Cooperatives in the southern ...

In this study, plant height and plant dry weight of five wheat varieties (namely Da da 94, K nac 97, Konya 2002, Karahan 99 and Ahmeta a), collected for 20 weeks, were modeled via fitting generalized logistic (GLC), logistic (LC) and Gompertz (GC) growth curves. Growth curve selection was based on residual sum of square (RSS) and mean square error (MSE). Following growth curve selection, growth...