Heparin and heparan sulfates are closely related linear anionic polysaccharides, called glycosaminoglycans, which exhibit a number of important biological and pharmacological activities. These polysaccharides, having complex structures and polydispersity, are biosynthesized in the Golgi of animal cells. While heparan sulfate is a widely distributed membrane and extracellular glycosaminoglycan, ...

Ferric sulfates were observed on Mars during orbital remote sensing and surface explorations. These observations have stimulated our systematic experimental investigation on the formative conditions, stability fields, phase boundaries, and phase transition pathways of these important minerals. We report here the results from the first step of this project: eight synthesized anhydrous and hydrou...

MIL03346 meteorite: It is a martian meteorite (nakhlite) collected from Miller Range, Antarctica. It contains variety of hydrous Caand Fe 3+ -sulfates, and other H2O/OH-bearing species, thus has been extensively studied, with a purpose to build the links to aqueous alteration processes on Mars [4-9]. The martian origin of Ca-sulfates and jarosites in MIL 03346 is validated by the finding of the...

The plumes naturally erupting from the icy satellite Enceladus were sampled by Cassini spacecraft in high-speed fly-bys, which gave evidence of salt. This raises question how salt behaves under impact, and it can best be future missions to such plumes. We present results 35 impacts onto aluminum targets a variety salts (NaCl, NaHCO3, MgSO4, MgSO4·7H2O) at speeds 0.26 7.3 km s?1. Using SEM-EDX, ...

Materials and methods: Performance and nutrient digestibility were determined for pigs consuming either water treated by reverse osmosis (RO; 219 mg total dissolved solutes (TDS) per L, 29 mg sulfates per L) or untreated ground water (3078 mg TDS per L, 1650 mg sulfates per L). In each of two experiments, approximately 240 pigs (20 ± 3 days of age, 5.9 ± 1.0 kg) received either RO-treated or un...

Three new sterol sulfates, spheciosterol sulfates A-C (1-3), and the known sterol sulfate topsentiasterol sulfate E (4) have been isolated from the sponge Spheciospongia sp., collected in the Philippines. Structures were assigned on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies as well as analysis by HRESIMS. Compounds 1-4 inhibited PKCzeta with IC50 values of 1.59, 0.53, 0.11, and 1.21 microM, ...

Introduction: The existence of sulfates at various locations on Mars has been implied by sulfur enrichment and compositional correlations between S and Mg (or Ca in some places) from landed missions including Viking, Pathfinder, and the Mars Exploration Rovers [1-3]. Direct identifications of sulfate minerals have been made by Mössbauer experiments [4] and by OMEGA [5-7]. Abundant water-equival...

Abstract. A stationary, computationally efficient scheme ChAP 1.0 (Chemical and Aerosol Processes, version 1.0) for the sulfur cycle in troposphere is developed. This designed Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs). The accounts dioxide emissions into atmosphere, its deposition to surface, oxidation sulfates, dry wet sulfates on surface. calculations with are forced by anthropog...