'The Casket Letters' is the description of eight letters and a series of poems written in French, alleged by James, Earl of Morton, to have been written by Mary Queen of Scots to the Earl of Bothwell, and to have been found in a silver enamelled box. Other contents were said to be an undated promise in French by Mary to marry Bothwell; and a marriage contract in Scots supposed to have been draf...

Unlike other primitively eusocial wasps, Ropalidia marginata colonies are usually headed by remarkably docile and behaviourally non-dominant queens who are nevertheless completely successful in maintaining reproductive monopoly. As in other species, loss of the queen results in one of the workers taking over as the next queen. But unlike in other species, here, the queen's successor cannot be p...

In most species of social insect the queen signals her presence to her workers via pheromones. Worker responses to queen pheromones include retinue formation around the queen, inhibition of queen cell production and suppression of worker ovary activation. Here we show that the queen signal of the Brazilian stingless bee Friesella schrottkyi is a mixture of cuticular hydrocarbons. Stingless bees...

This paper compares the performance of popular AI techniques, namely the Breadth First Search, Depth First Search, A* Search, Greedy Best First Search and the Hill Climbing Search in approaching the solution of a N-Puzzle of size 8, on a 3x3 matrix board and for the solution of the classic 8 Queen Puzzle. It looks at the complexity of each algorithm as it tries to approaches the solution in ord...

Dr. Robert W. Frederick, p r in cipal of the Milne school, Dr. J . Allan Hicks, professor of guidance, Dr. C. C. Smith, assistant professor of education, Mr. Paul G. Bulger, secretary of the student employment bureau, and Mr. Warren I. Dens more, supervisor of English, r epre sented State at the fifty-fifth a n nual holiday conference of the Associated Academic Principals of the Sta te of New Y...

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) are widely studied in a large area of computer sciences, and many problems can be treated as CSPs. Furthermore, many solving methods exist such as complete methods, local search (for example tabu search) and genetic algorithms (GA) [4]. The goal of this paper is to show that for some graph coloring problems, especially over-constrained, using genetic algor...

Honeybees are endowed with pheromones, many of which exhibit caste specific composition, one of which is Dufour’s gland pheromone (QDP). The queen possesses long chain esters that are absent in queenright (QR) workers. However queenless (QL) workers that develop ovaries also express these queen substances. The ability of QL-workers to produce the queen-like compounds suggests that under normal ...

Western honey bees, Apis mellifera, live in highly eusocial colonies that are each typically headed by a single queen. The queen is the sole reproductive female in a healthy colony, and because long-term colony survival depends on her ability to produce a large number of offspring, queen health is essential for colony success. Honey bees have recently been experiencing considerable declines in ...