Botulinum toxin (BoTx) has been clinically used in the treatment of localized dystonic states such as blepharospasm, as well as in strabismus. Reported side effects have included primary excessive weakness of neighboring extraocular muscles. To evaluate possible involvement of the iris, we injected BoTx into the retrobular space of albino rats. Ipsilateral mydriasis with cholinomimetic supersen...

Ocular examination was normal except for internal ophthalmoplegia of the left eye. The left pupil did not constrict when pilocarpine drops of either 0.125% or 1% were applied to the eye suggesting pharmacological origin of the condition and excluding an Adie’s pupil and a third nerve palsy respectively. A detailed medical history helped to the final diagnosis of pharmacological mydriasis by rev...

ATROPINE, perhaps the drug most used in ophthalmology, is prone to cause contact-irritation, often at a time when continued mydriasis is essential, in patients on long-term treatment. Unfortunately, most substitutes are less effective in producing mydriasis, and not infrequently contact-irritation is developed to these substitutes in rapid succession. Lachescine (E3) was developed in Great Brit...

AIM To ascertain the impact of the Health Technology Board for Scotland's grading model on referrals to ophthalmology services. METHODS An analysis was performed of the screening outcomes of 5575 consecutive patients, who were screened by the Grampian Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programme between March and September 2003 according to the recommendations of the Health Technology Board and t...

The Arden contrast sensitivity was investigated in normal persons, cataract eyes, and glaucoma patients with only plates 6 and 7 of the Arden grating set. The mean score of 90 normal eyes on plate 6 was 9.50 +/- 2.29 and on plate 7 it was 9.44 +/- 2.32. The mean scores of patients with early cataract were 14.51 +/- 2.99 on plate 6 and 13.74 +/- 3.26 on plate 7. Several patients with cataract mi...

INTRODUCTION Bupropion is used to help people stop smoking. This drug can cause visual alterations but, up to now, its use was not associated with anisocoria. CASE REPORT A 40 year-old woman with a personal history of migraines, presented with monocular mydriasis during treatment with bupropion. Both pupils dilated equally after a 5% cocaine test, and constricted equally after a 0.025% Piloca...

Tropicamide (muscarinic receptor antagonist) and phenylephrine (α-adrenergic receptor agonist) are commonly used to dilate the pupils by topical application. These two eye drops are often used, singly or in combination, to dilate the pupil and perform acute light-evoked physiological experiments (electroretinography, for example), before and after intravitreal injections of pharmacological agen...

A 50-year-old female presented with bilateral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and acute angle closure (AAC) with fixed mid-dilated pupil and high intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye following left side periorbital botulinum toxin A injection for blepharospasm. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy and retinal nerve fiber layer defect were observed in the affected eye using optical coherence tomography...

The macular dazzling test was performed on 240 healthy eyes, classified into six groups according to the ages of the subjects. The test was used to assess both long distance and short distance vision with a simultaneous study of the influence of mydriasis and miosis. The MDT is a test easy to perform, requires a minimum of co-operation by the subject, and gives repeatable results. The MDT value...