Sulfur mustard (SM), a potent chemical weapon agent, was used by Iraqi forces against Iranian in the Iraq-Iran war (1981-1989). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a late toxic pulmonary consequence after SM exposure. The COPD observed in these patients is unique (described as Mustard Lung) and to some extent different from COPD resulted from other well-known causes. Several mechani...

Sulfur mustard (SM) or mustard gas is a chemical alkylating agent that causes blisters in the skin (blister gas), burns the eyes and causes lung injury. Some major cellular pathways are involved in the damage caused by mustard gas such as NF-κb signaling, TGF-β signaling, WNT pathway, inflammation, DNA repair and apoptosis. MicroRNAs are non-coding small RNAs (19-25 nucleotides) that are involv...

OBJECTIVE To assess long term outcome of patients who underwent Mustard or Senning repair for transposition of the great arteries up to 30 years earlier. DESIGN Retrospective review of medical records. SETTING The six university hospitals in Belgium with paediatric cardiology departments. PATIENTS 339 patients were reviewed, of whom 124 underwent the Mustard procedure and 215 the Senning ...

The dinitrobenzamide mustards are a class of bioreductive nitro-aromatic anticancer prodrugs, of which a phosphorylated analog (PR-104) is currently in clinical development. They are bioactivated by tumor reductases to form DNA cross-linking cytotoxins. However, their biotransformation in normal tissues has not been examined. Here we report the aerobic in vitro metabolism of three N-(2 hydroxye...

In order to study the effects of wild mustard competition and different levels of nitrogen on effective traits of wheat yield, this research was conducted in Ahvaz, south west of Iran. The study was consisted of a split plot experiment, on the basis of Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications. Different levels of nitrogen (90, 150 and 210 kgN.ha-1) were assigned in the main plo...

The effects of reducing fat levels from 30% to 20% and salt concentrations from 1.5% to 1.0% by partially substituting incorporated phosphate and sea mustard were investigated based on physicochemical properties of reduced-fat / low-NaCl meat emulsion systems. Cooking loss and emulsion stability, hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness for reduced-fat / low-NaCl meat emulsion systems with 20% p...

Repellent properties of three plant extracts--essential oil (steam distillate) of Zanthoxylum limonella (fruits), Citrus aurantifolia (leaf) and petroleum ether extract of Z. limonella (fruits) were evaluated as repellent against Aedes (S.) albopictus mosquitoes in mustard (Dhara) and coconut (Parachute) oil base under laboratory conditions. Three concentrations--10, 20 and 30% of the repellent...

Before the 1970s, the United States sometimes disposed of at sea excess, obsolete, or unserviceable munitions, including chemical munitions. Chemical munitions known to have been disposed of at sea included munitions filled with sulfur mustard, a vesicant (i.e., an agent that causes chemical burns or blisters of the skin and mucous membranes). Signs and symptoms of exposure to a mustard agent c...

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants from soil and water. Certain fern and Indian mustard species have been suggested as candidates for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and water because of their high efficiency of accumulating metals in shoots and their high biomass production. Currently, n...

A line of cells (L/H) that was resistant to sulfur mustard has been isolated and compared in a number of ways to the parent line of L cells. Both strains had an average of 57 chromosomes. The L/H cells were smaller than the L cells, and contained lower concentrations of acid-soluble sulfhydryl compounds. In experi ments with sulfur mustard-36S, the whole cell, nucleus, and DXA of the resistant ...