family muridae consists of eight genera and 28 species in iran. this family shows notable variability of karyological features. in this study, karyological data derived from 11 species of 7 genera of this family of iran are presented and compared with previously published accounts. the included species were: mus musculus musculus from gonbad (2n=40, fn=40) and birjand (2n=40, fn=38), rattus nor...

The development of cancer is influenced both by exposure to environmental carcinogens and by the host genetic background. Epistatic interactions between genes are important in determining phenotype in plant and animal systems and are likely to be major contributors to cancer susceptibility in humans. Several tumor modifier loci have been identified from studies of mouse models of human cancer, ...

Our understanding of the mammalian cell cycle is due in large part to the analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and CDK4/6. These kinases are regulated by E and D type cyclins, respectively, and coordinate the G(1)/S-phase transition. In contrast, little is known about CDK3, a homolog of CDK2 and cell division cycle kinase 2 (CDC2). Previous studies using ectopic expression of human CDK3 ...

DICE (1947) demonstrated selection against conspicuous phenotypes of mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) by owls. His experiments were conducted in a laboratory room with either a Barn Owl (Tyto alba) or a Long-eared Owl (Asio wilsonianus) as predators. Vegetation was simulated by a latticework of boards. Subsequently Kaufman (1974) found that Barn Owls and Screech Owls (Otus asio) selected against c...

In 1980 Janet Rossant [5] and William I. Frels [6] published their paper, ?Interspecific Chimeras in Mammals: Successful Production of Live Chimeras Between Mus musculus and Mus caroli ,? in Science. Their experiment involved the first successful creation of interspecific mammalian chimeras [7]. Mammalian chimeras [8] are valuable for studying early embryonic development. However, in earlier st...

Treatment of a cell line derived from the Asian feral mouse Mus caroli with 5-bromodeoxyuridine induces an infectious, xentropic type C virus. This virus shares strongly cross-reactive reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) and p30 antigens and crossinterferes with type C viruses isolated from a woolly monkey (SSAV) and gibbon apes (GALV). By similar criteria, the caroli virus is ...

Mouse oocytes can be obtained via superovulation or using in vitro maturation although several factors, including genetic background, may affect response. Our previous studies have identified various mouse species as models to understand the role of sexual selection on the evolution of sperm traits and function. In order to do comparative studies of sperm-oocyte interaction, we sought reliable ...

In mammals, the kidneys originate in an embryo from mesoderm through three excretory organs, namely: Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros. After formation of Metanephros is completed, begin to form nephrogenesis mesenchymal cells located at tip ureteric bud, that contribute glomerulus Renal tubules. The stages albino mice age 14 19 days gestation were studied. It was obtained after sacrific...

As mice embryos develop, they undergo a stage of development called gastrulation [7]. The hallmark of vertebrate gastrulation [7] is the reorganization of the inner cell mass [8] (ICM) into the three germ layers [9]: ectoderm [10], mesoderm [11], and endoderm [12]. Mammalian embryogenesis [13] occurs within organisms; therefore, gastrulation [7] was originally described in species with easily o...