Domestic sewage treated in municipal sewage treatment plants is only analyzed for its physicochemical properties correction prior to its discharge but as domestic sewage is proved to contain genotoxicity also, it is suggested that the discharge should also be checked for genotoxicity. Many microbial genotoxicity tests are employed for genotoxicity testing. These tests are simple, quick and empl...

Biochemical processes by chemoautotrophs such as nitrifiers and sulfide and iron oxidizers are used extensively in wastewater treatment. The research described in this dissertation involved the study of two selected biological processes utilized in wastewater treatment mediated by chemoautotrophic bacteria: nitrification (biological removal of ammonia and nitrogen) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) re...

This work investigated the behaviors of seven glucocorticoids, eight androgens, and nine progestogens compared to six estrogens in a municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) in Beijing, China. Among all of the hormones considered, androgens were the dominant steroids detected in all samples (total concentrations up to 10 216±912 ng/L for influents, 171±10 ng/L for effluents, and 647±52 ng/g for d...

A significant nutrient load can be generated internally by publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). These nutrients can be found in the reject water, also known as side streams, of many municipal wastewater and sewage sludge treatment processes. These side streams include the reject stream from membranes, supernatant liquid from sludge digesters, and the centrate/filtrate return stream from sewa...

Huge amounts of waste biosolids are produced from biological processes as waste water treatment, agriculture and food production. The volatile compounds could be utilised as a source for renewable energy in anaerobic processes. However, the anaerobic degradation is slow so that large fermenters are necessary. By ultrasonic disintegration the rate limiting hydrolysis of volatile solids is substi...

In European Union countries up to 80% of sewage sludge is used in agriculture and forestry, whereas in Poland only 11% is used as fertilizer. The principal environmental concern is the inevitable presence of heavy metals when using sewage sludge as fertilizer. The main objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the phytoextraction process in removing heavy metals from sludges. A ...