? This paper develops a solution to the problems of discovery, maintenance, and use of multiple routes in ad hoc networks. Performance criterion is the average time taken by a packet to reach its destination through multiple hops. A source node considers each of its neighbors (reachable by direct wireless transmission) as a gateway for every possible destination. The eeect of delay at a gateway...

Robustness, or the resilience of a system to failures and attacks without changing its mode operation, is an increasingly important characteristic networks. Even though there are several measures network robustness, they not applicable networks with links between same pair nodes (multiline networks), such as transportation systems. A local index set global indexes introduced capture robustness ...