conclusions according to the results of our study, neck collar fixation has no effect on ventilation in multiple trauma patients. results this study involved 163 multiple trauma patients. of these, 65% were male. the mean of end tidal carbon dioxide (etco2) of the patients without neck collars was 34.62 ± 4.46 and the mean etco2 of the patients with neck collars was 34.21 ± 2.31. there was no s...

multiple myeloma (mm) is characterized by progressive proliferation of malignant plasma cells, usually initiating in the bone marrow. mm can affect any organ; a total of 7 - 18% of patients with mm demonstrate extramedullary involvement at diagnosis. non-secretory multiple myeloma (nsmm) is a rare variant that accounts for 1 - 5% of all cases of multiple myeloma. the disease is characterized by...

coexisting ankylosing spondylitis and hereditary multiple exostoses have rarely been reported (three patients) previously. a 27-year-old man with hereditary multiple exostoses is presented as a fourth report. at the age of 15 years, the patient had multiple exostoses around the knee, ankle and shoulder joints. he was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis 3 years ago. the patient’s sister and hi...

vitamin d has long been speculated to reduce the risk of multiple sclerosis (ms). however, its role in development and modulating the course of ms has yet to be clarified. to date, there is no scientific evidence for the use of vitamin d as monotherapy for ms in clinical practice and perplexities still exist on potential disadvantages of vitamin d intake. we hypothesize that vitamin d may be ef...

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background: little in known regarding the clinical relevance of sirt1 in multiple sclerosis (ms).   here, we aimed to evaluate mrna expression, protein level and enzyme activity of sirt1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) isolated from relapsing –remitting ms patients (rrms) and healthy controls. materials and methods: twenty patients with rr-ms and twenty two age- and sex-matched he...