AIMS To investigate patterns of exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnancy among a representative sample of New Zealand women. METHODS Analyses of smoking-related data from the first wave of the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort study, ie from the first data-collection point during the antenatal period in 2009-10. RESULTS Twenty percent of mothers reporting smoking before pregnancy and 9.9% of m...

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of antenatal and intrapartum complications and neonatal outcomes among women who had previously delivered five or more times (grandmultiparous) with that of age-matched control women who had previously delivered two or three times (multiparous). DESIGN A matched cohort study. SETTING An inner city university maternity hospital in the United Kingdom. SAMP...

BACKGROUND The effect of multiple pregnancies, a very common pattern in reproductive lifestyle of Pakistani women, needs to be addressed to see if it affects the iron content and hence cause iron deficiency. Recognising this deficiency prior to development of anaemia can prevent disastrous consequences that can complicate the life of the mother and foetus especially in developing countries. The...

from McKeganey are that drug treatment services have been very successful in recruiting drug users, that methadone has now overwhelmed the provision of other drug treatment services in Scotland and that the expansion of methadone services has occurred without clear evidence of the benefits of that provision. Whilst there remains no accurate data on the number of drug users prescribedmethadone i...

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal age on prenatal and obstetric outcome in multiparaous women. Materials and Methods. A retrospective case control study was conducted, including women aged 40 years and over (study group, n = 97) who delivered at 20 week's gestation or beyond and women aged 20-29 years (control group, n = 97). Results. The mean age of women ...

Grand multiparity is defined by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) as 5 deliveries or more [1]. Although the incidence of grand multiparity is low in economically developed countries, religious or cultural factors mean that it is common in some populations or communities. Several studies have provided data concerning the risk of grand multiparity for bothmother and...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate a change in antenatal care policy to reduce antenatal clinic visits, whereby low risk multiparous women were managed by the primary care team and seen at booking and at 41 weeks' gestation at the consultant antenatal clinic. DESIGN Comparative study of low risk multiparous women retrospectively identified through the Oxford obstetric data system and cared for by three c...

Normal sexual functioning comprises of sexual activity together with transition through the phases from arousal to relaxation with no problem. Delivery has different effects on body organs, especially, on genitalia the disorder of which can cause sexual dysfunctions. In this study, an attempt is made to compare postpartum sexual dysfunction among primiparous and multiparous women. This descript...

OBJECTIVE To establish a centile chart of cervical length between 18 and 32 weeks of gestation in a low-risk population of women. METHODS A prospective longitudinal cohort study of women with a low risk, singleton pregnancy using public healthcare facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. Transvaginal measurement of cervical length was performed between 16 and 32 weeks of gestation and used to c...

IUDs are exceptional methods of contraception. They do not require daily use and are, therefore, “forgettable” and yet also boast very low failure rates. Women are increasingly interested in these methods of contraception. Yet, evidence has shown that nulliparous women may experience more pain than multiparous women at the time of IUD insertion, typically a moderate pain level. This pain may pr...