The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires EU member states (MS) to develop and implement marine strategies containing programs of measures to protect and preserve the marine environment. Prior to their implementation, impact assessments, including Cost-Benefit-Analyses (CBA), need to be carried out. While the costs of introducing such measures are often relatively easy to determin...

A method for deriving computationally efficient reduced nonlinear distillation models is proposed, which extends the aggregated modeling method of Lévine and Rouchon (1991) to complex models. The column dynamics are approximated by a low number of slow dynamic aggregation stages connected by blocks of steady-state stages. This is achieved by simple manipulation of the left-hand sides of the dif...

Quantum universality can be achieved using classically controlled stabilizer operations and repeated preparation of certain ancilla states. Which ancilla states suffice for universality? This “magic states distillation” question is closely related to quantum fault tolerance. Lower bounds on the noise tolerable on the ancilla help give lower bounds on the tolerable noise rate threshold for fault...

The minimum energy requirements of six different heat-integrated multi-effect and three non-integrated distillation arrangements for separating a ternary mixture have been considered. The focus of the paper is on a heat-integrated complex distillation configuration; called a multi-effect prefractionator arrangement. The comparison of the different arrangements is based on the minimum vapour flo...