Investigating regulation and function of the Hox genes, key regulators of positional identity in the embryo, opened a new vista in developmental biology. One of their most striking features is collinearity: the temporal and spatial orders of expression of these clustered genes each match their 3' to 5' order on the chromosome. Despite recent progress, the mechanisms underlying collinearity are ...

A model incorporating geo-detector analysis and geographically weighted principal component into Multi-scale Geographically Weighted regression (GWPCA-MGWR) was developed to reveal the factors driving spatial variation in soil organic matter (SOM). The accuracy residuals from GWPCA-MGWR were compared those of classical (GWR), (MGWR), GWPCA-GWR. Our results revealed that local multi-collinearity...

Hox gene collinearity (HGC) is a multi-scalar property of many animal phyla particularly important in embryogenesis. It relates entities and events occurring clusters inside the chromosome DNA embryonic tissues. These two differ linear size by more than four orders magnitude. HGC observed as spatial (SC), where genes are located order (Hox1, Hox2, Hox3 …) along 3′ to 5′ direction genome corresp...

Collinearity and near-collinearity of predictors cause difficulties when doing regression. In these cases, variable selection becomes untenable because of mathematical issues concerning the existence and numerical stability of the regression coefficients, and interpretation of the coefficients is ambiguous because gradients are not defined. Using a differential geometric interpretation, in whic...

The vertebrate A-P axis is a time axis. The head is made first and more and more posterior levels are made at later and later stages. This is different to the situation in most other animals, for example, in Drosophila. Central to this timing is Hox temporal collinearity (see below). This occurs rarely in the animal kingdom but is characteristic of vertebrates and is used to generate the primar...

We present a calibration method for multi-view cameras which provides a rigorous maximum-likelihood estimation of the mutual orientation of the cameras within a rigid multi-camera system. No calibration targets are needed just a movement of the multi-camera system taking synchronized images of a high textured and static scene. Multi-camera systems with non-overlapping views have to be rotated w...