background: during endodontic procedures, the smear layer is formed as a result of mechanical instrumentation of the canal. combination of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (edta) and sodium hypochlorite (naocl) is widely used for removal of the smear layer. application of mixture of tetracycline, acid, and detergent (mtad) as final irrigant subsequent to initial irrigation of 1.35% naocl has be...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of four commonly used chemicals in their ability to remove smear layer after instrumentation using scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five extracted single canaled teeth of roots ranging 10-12 mm in length were used for the study. Teeth were divided into 4 study groups and 1 control group of 15...

statement of the problem: root canal therapy should not simply be the extirpation of the pulp and widening of the canal. but one should also focus on how to completely remove the loosely-attached smear layer because it has adverse effects on the final outcome of the treatment. purpose: this study compared the efficacy of etidronic acid, smearclear and mtad to remove the smear layer created duri...

introduction: this study aimed to compare the subcutaneous tissue responses to mtad (mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent), 17% edta, and 2.6% naocl. materials and methods: thirty-six wistar albino rats were used for this study.  test solutions were injected subcutaneously into predetermined areas on the animal dorsum. the rats were then randomly divided into three groups ...

Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Azad University, Tehran, Iran Dentist Dentist, Epidemiologist, Member of Research Center of Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Dental Student Associate Professor, San Antonio Dental Faculty. Texas, USA Postgraduate Student, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Azad Universi...

The journey of thousand miles begins with a single step, and this step was rightly taken by a visionary & pioneer in the field of endodontics; the ̳Father of Endodontics‘ Dr. Louis I. Grossman. Going way back in timeline, when teeth with focal infection and abscess were accused of medical failure and where only extractions & dentures were thought to be the choice of treatment, a ray of hope; Dr....

1DDS, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. 2DDS, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University North of Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil. 3DDS, MSc, PhD, Graduate student (Doctor degree), Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and De...

The study and practice of Endodontics includes basic clinical science comprising the biology of healthy pulp, and the etiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries of the pulp and associated periradicular conditions. Until the middle of the 19th century, endodontics did not play a significant role in dental therapeutics, as there was no prevention, no scientifically tes...

1Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, 2Department of Basic Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 3Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 4Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, State University of Maringá, 5Depart...

This article presents a review of the history of the dental-operating microscope and how it experienced slow acceptance. Following its introduction in 1982, it wasn't until 1997 that microscopy training became manditory for Advanced Specialty Education Programs in Endodontics. Undoubtedly, microscopic enhanced endodontics ultimately reshaped clinical practice and created a potential for a highe...