Background: Radiation dose knowledge through Xray examinations and their distribution in Iran provides useful guidance on patient dose reduction. The results of the entrance skin dose (ESDs) of five common radiographies in all radiology centers in Yazd province were reported in our previous study (2003). In the present study we have evaluated the collective effective dose of convention...

Routine medical inspections have been a traditional part of starting school in the United Kingdom since the early 1900s. When the school health services were incorporated into the NHS in 1974 medical inspections ceased to be a statutory requirement, and the numbers of routine medical examinations of children over the age of 5 have declined. Most areas have, however, retained a system of routine...

OBJECTIVES A large-scale survey of doses to patients undergoing the most frequent radiological examinations was carried out in health services in São Paulo (347 radiological examinations per 1 000 inhabitants), the most populous Brazilian state. METHODS A postal dosimetric kit with thermoluminescence dosimeters was used to evaluate the entrance surface dose (ESD) to patients. A stratified sam...

background: pregnant women are sometimes exposed to ionizing radiation in radiology examinations for various reasons. in such cases, the radiation dose to the conceptus and subsequent risks should be estimated. objective: the purpose of this study was the calculation and presentation of fetal dose and subsequent risks resulted from different x-ray examinations. materials and methods: an analyti...

There have been a number of studies on the competition in entrance examinations, but very few empirically examined middle school examination, which is qualitatively different from senior high and university examinations because children must parental support. The scope examination beyond knowledge acquired school, parents be proactive choosing whether their should take examination. In this stud...

The quantification of radiation risks associated with radiological examinations has been a subject interest the increased use X-rays. Effective dose, which is risk-weighted measure to organs in body examination, considered good indicator risk. We have therefore investigated patient effective doses from examinations. Organ and were estimated for 94 patients who underwent computed tomography 338 ha...

Conversion deafness is a somatoform disorder characterized by hearing loss without an anatomic or pathophysiologic lesion. Clinically, discrepancies between behavior hearing thresholds and objective electrophysiologic examinations, such as impedance audiometry, otoacoustic emissions (OAE), and auditory brainstem response (ABR), will raise the suspicion of this disorder. It is judged to be due t...