In This Issue In This Issue he ER is a site of both synthesis and quality control. Rejected, improperly folded proteins are destroyed by a well-characterized machinery (the ER-associated degradation [ERAD] pathway) in the cytosol and ER membrane that extracts and chews up any unfolded proteins. But the mechanisms for recognizing unfolded proteins as targets for destruction are less well charact...

Most mammalian cells contain two types of mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) receptors (MPRs): the 300 kDa cation-independent (CI) MPR and 46 kDa cation-dependent (CD) MPR. The two MPRs have overlapping function in intracellular targeting of newly synthesized lysosomal proteins, but both are required for efficient targeting. Despite extensive investigation, the relative roles and specialized functio...

The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) mediates sorting of lysosomal hydrolase precursors from the TGN to endosomes. After releasing the hydrolase precursors into the endosomal lumen, the unoccupied receptor returns to the TGN for further rounds of sorting. Here, we show that the mammalian retromer complex participates in this retrieval pathway. The hVps35 subunit of retro...

OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing Protocol) is a routing protocol designed especially for MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) and is currently the most widely deployed for this type of networks. OLSR uses multipoint relay (MPR: MultiPoint Relay) flooding mechanism to optimize topology control messages broadcasting throughout the network. Each node of the network selects a subset of nodes (MPR) amo...

In the MM-015 trial, melphalan-prednisone-lenalidomide followed by lenalidomide maintenance (MPR-R) significantly prolonged progression-free survival versus melphalan-prednisone (MP) in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma aged ≥ 65 years. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), a secondary endpoint of MM-015, was also improved with MPR-R. This sub-analysis evaluated the impact of ind...

Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) is a in a popular proactive routing protocol for providing peer-to-peer transmissions in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Since sensitive data are communicated in MANET, security remains a major issue. In this paper, we propose a trust based Multipoint Relay (MPR) selection algorithm for defending a specific type of denial-of-service (DOS) attack called node ...

A random access protocol with multi-packet reception (MPR) capability for infrastructure-less wireless autonomic networks is introduced and analyzed. In these networks mobile nodes may communicate with each other directly without a central entity (base station), where each mobile node either will be in a transmitting mode or in a receiving mode or in an idle mode. The throughput per node and th...