The release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by ochratoxin A (OTA) was studied in various macrophage and non-macrophage cell lines and compared with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a standard TNF-α release agent. Cells were exposed either to 0, 2.5 or 12.5 µmol/L OTA, or to 0.1 µg/mL LPS, for up to 24 h. OTA at 2.5 µmol/L and LPS at 0.1 µg/mL were not toxic to the tested cells as indicate...

Based on the findings that expression of endogenous tumor necrosis factor (enTNF), which is not present in TNF-susceptible cells, was generally observed in TNF-resistant cells and that TNF gene transfection gives rise to TNF resistance, the assumption was made that enTNF may be a protective protein against the cytotoxicity of exogenous TNF. However, it remains unknown whether the protection by ...

Background and aims: Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease show increased levels of the mast cell products histamine and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Treating these patients with antibodies against TNF-α diminishes the symptoms of diarrhoea. In this study, the effect of TNF-α on ion secretion induced by the mast cell mediator histamine in HT29cl.19A cells and mouse distal colo...

IL-33 is a cytokine from the IL-1 family constitutively expressed in epidermis, which has dual-role as chromatin-associated protein keratinocytes and acts pro-inflammatory when released cells. We have investigated gene expression wt mouse keratinocytes. found that mRNA was at basal level primary Interestingly, we observed significantly increased upon keratinocyte differentiation vitro. then ass...

Hatano, Etsuro, and David A. Brenner Akt protects mouse hepatocytes from TNF-aand Fas-mediated apoptosis through NK-kB activation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 282: G1357–G1368, 2002.—To determine the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) in protecting hepatocytes from tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)and Fas-mediated apoptosis, we pretreated pr...

The efficacy of radiation therapy for lung cancer is limited by radiation-induced lung toxicity (RILT). Although tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling plays a critical role in RILT, the molecular regulators of radiation-induced TNF-α production remain unknown. We investigated the role of a major TNF-α regulator, Tristetraprolin (TTP), in radiation-induced TNF-α production by macrophages...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been reported to modulate brain injury, but remarkably, little is known about its effects on neurogenesis. We report that TNF-alpha strongly influences survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation in cultured subventricular zone (SVZ) neural stem/progenitor cells derived from the neonatal P1-3 C57BL/6 mice. By using single-cell calcium imaging, we ...

The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in host defense against chlamydial infection remains unclear. In order to further evaluate the relevance of TNF-alpha to host resistance in chlamydial genital tract infection, we examined the effect of local inhibition of the TNF-alpha response in normal C57 mice and in interferon gamma gene-deficient C57 mice infected intravaginally with the ...

TNF, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor and proteolytically released from cells. Soluble TNF is the primary mediator of pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and endotoxin shock. The TNFconverting enzyme (TACE), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), has emerged as the best candidate TNF sheddase, but other proteinases...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important cytokine in immunity and inflammation and induces many cellular responses, including apoptosis and necrosis. TNF signaling enables the generation of superoxide in phagocytic and vascular cells through the activation of the NADPH oxidase Nox2/gp91. Here we show that TNF also activates the Nox1 NADPH oxidase in mouse fibroblasts when cells undergo necro...