The impact of transient mountain waves on a large-scale flow is examined through idealized numerical simulations of the passage of a time-evolving synoptic-scale jet over an isolated 3D mountain. Both the global momentum budget and the spatial flow response are examined to illustrate the impact of transient mountain waves on the large-scale flow. Additionally, aspects of the spatial response ar...

Using people actively involved in mountain climbing, this thesis explores people‟s motivations to participate in mountain climbing, an activity frequently characterised in terms of risk. Moreover, using a variety of both quantitative and qualitative methods the assessment of the role of risk as a motivation for mountain climbing is central to the thesis. The first study (N = 232) employed a the...

it is a very short time that the quaternaries period in geology and physical geography's knowledge has occupied a very important place. during this period, the earth has suffered consecutive freezing that has been accompanied by tides and alternate erosion and sedimentation. sedimentary successions have recorded valuable evidence of changes with very accurate details. the study of these sedimen...

Mountain regions worldwide are affected by climate change. Indeed, mountains represent unique areas for the detection of climate change and the assessment of climate-related impacts (Beniston 2003; Messerli & Ives 1997). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted dramatic impacts on mountain ecosystems as a result of climate change. Changing climates will potentially alt...

The geographic distribution of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Iran was analyzed using a database of 7606 georeferencedobservations. Astragalus occurs in all provinces of Iran, but 88% ofthe observations are in five provinces including Tehran, West-Azerbaijan, Esfahan, Kordestan, and Khorasan-e Razavi.Most species are rare and narrowly endemic: Thelargest distance between two observations of the same ...

Alpine regions are moving into the focus of scientific attention: chapter 13 of Agenda 21 is dedicated to mountains, 2002 was declared «International Year of the Mountain» and German Geographers' Day 2003 was entitled «Alpine World Mountain World: Islands, Bridges, Borders». The sustainable preservation of alpine regions represents a global issue, because a tenth of the world's population lives...

In this paper, we modify the mountain method and then create a modified mountain clustering algorithm. The proposed algorithm can automatically estimate the parameters in the modified mountain function in accordance with the structure of the data set based on the correlation self-comparison method. This algorithm can also estimate the number of clusters based on the proposed validity index. As ...

This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. Abstract Idealized large-eddy simulations were performed to investigate the impact of different mountain geometries on daytime pollution transport by thermally driven winds. The main objective was to determine interactions bet...

This work is devoted to study the existence of solutions to equations of the p-Laplacian type in unbounded domains. We prove the existence of at least one solution, and under further assumptions, the existence of in nitely many solutions. We apply the mountain pass theorem in weighted Sobolev spaces.

This paper studies the existence of multiple solutions of the second-order difference boundary value problem Δ2u n − 1 V ′ u n 0, n ∈ Z 1, T , u 0 0 u T 1 . By applying Morse theory, critical groups, and the mountain pass theorem, we prove that the previous equation has at least three nontrivial solutions when the problem is resonant at the eigenvalue λk k ≥ 2 of linear difference problem Δ2u n...