In this lecture, we will be covering models of morphological evolution. These fall into two different classes: those that model morphology in terms of discrete states and those that treat morphology as quantitative characters. Both are applicable to other types of data; for instance, the discrete-state models can be applied to restriction site data and other data of a presence/absence nature, a...

Sexual selection has had profound effects at the copulatory and postcopulatory levels, upon the evolution of reproductive anatomy, physiology, and patterns of mating behavior. This review deals with the effects of sexual selection upon the evolution of relative testes sizes, sperm morphology, seminal vesicular function, penile morphology, and copulatory behavior in the Order Primates. The conce...

A widespread trend in animals is the evolution of morphological ornaments and behaviours that are involved in aggressive and courtship displays. These display traits are important from the standpoint of communication, sexual selection, and speciation. Previous authors have suggested that the evolution of display morphology and display behaviour should be closely linked. In this study, I tested ...

We examined the morphology of mammalian hips asking whether evolution can explain the morphology of impingement in human hips. We describe two stereotypical mammalian hips, coxa recta and coxa rotunda. Coxa recta is characterised by a straight or aspherical section on the femoral head or head-neck junction. It is a sturdy hip seen mostly in runners and jumpers. Coxa rotunda has a round femoral ...

Assuming a reemission model, we have studied, in detail, the effect of sticking coefficient on the morphology evolution in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition processes. We have shown that the surface morphology changes from a self-affine fractal to a columnarlike morphology with increasing sticking coefficient, which agrees qualitatively with experimental observations.