A general mathematical framework for coarse-graining molecular dynamics (MD) model for solid system is presented. The formulation is based directly on the full MD model. The reduction of the atomic degrees of freedom is accomplished using the Mori–Zwanzig projection method. We also demonstrate how to simplify the model under this framework to make the numerical implementation much easier. Copyr...

Morphological diversity of leg appendages is one of the hallmarks of developmental evolution. Limbs in insects may develop either from their embryonic prototypes or from imaginal discs harbored inside the larva. Bombyx mori (B. mori), a Lepidopteran insect, develops adult wings from larval wing imaginal discs. However, it has been debated whether the adult legs of B. mori arise from imaginal di...

Autophagy is associated with multiple biological processes and has protective and defensive functions with respect to immunity, inflammation, and resistance to microbial infection. In this experiment, we wished to investigate whether autophagy is a factor in the midgut cell response of Bombyx mori to infection by the B. mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV). Our results indicated that the...

As genome of B. mori is available in GenBank, identification of novel genes of B. mori can be carried out. In this study, we used the in silico cloning method to obtain the Glucuronyltransferase-S (GlcAT-S) gene of B. mori and analysed with bioinformatics tools. The result was confirmed by RT-PCR,prokaryotic expression and western blot. The GlcAT-S cDNA contains a 843bp ORF and has three exons....

We analyzed the presence of chemical compounds from the head space of Bombyx mori which are attracted / recognized and entrapped by the head proteins upon biting of mulberry leaves through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The results of GC-MS showed that 28 chemical compounds were present in the head space of B. mori. Among this 28 compounds phenol, 2, 4-bis(1,1dimethyleth...

Part 4. Biregular geometry 28 4.1. Fano-Mori contractions on a smooth n-fold with n ≤ 4 29 4.2. Fano-Mori contractions on a smooth n-fold with fibers of small dimension 34 4.3. The fibers of a Fano-Mori contraction 35 4.3.1. Using the vanishing theorem 35 4.3.2. Existence of a ladder for a fiber of a F-M contraction; horizontal slicing 37 4.3.3. Rational curves on the fiber of F-M contractions ...

BACKGROUND The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important insect in the textile industry and its pupa are used in Chinese cuisine and traditional Chinese medicine. The silk, urine and dander of silkworms is often the cause of allergies in sericulture workers and the pupa has been found to be a food allergen in China. Recent studies have focused on reporting cases of silkworm allergies, but only a f...

The carotenoid-binding protein (CBP) of the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, a major determinant of cocoon color, is likely to have been substantially influenced by domestication of this species. We analyzed the structure of the CBP gene in multiple strains of B. mori, in multiple individuals of the wild silkworm, B. mandarina (the putative wild ancestor of B. mori), and in a number of other...

Alphabaculovirus is an entomopathogenic virus genus that infects Bombyx mori, which is known as the Bombyx mori multiple nucleopolyedrovirus (BmMNPV). This virus is polyorganotrophic, and a series of tissues are known as targets; however, there is currently no information regarding infection in the pylorus, the segment of the hindgut that is present in the midgut transition and is responsible f...