abstract background: keratoconus is a bilateral corneal disease, which one way to cure it is to transplant. the transplantation may be rejected by recipient's immune system, which leads to failure of the graft. this study aimed to analysis the factors affecting bilateral corneal graft rejection based on copula function. methods: a sample of bilateral graft rejection times was assessed. since co...

Monte Carlo techniques have become popular in different areas of medical physics over the last 50 years. Factors which have contributed to the wider use include the improved description of radiation transport as well as the optimization of the computing systems. The main advantage of Monte Carlo methodology deals with the simulation of stochastic processes involving random behavior and the quan...

An implementation of the reverse Monte Carlo algorithm is presented for the study of amorphous tetrahedral semiconductors. By taking into account a number of constraints that describe the tetrahedral bonding geometry along with the radial distribution function, we construct a model of amorphous silicon using the reverse Monte Carlo technique. Starting from a completely random configuration, we ...

Interactive graphics has been limited to simple direct illumination that commonly results in an artificial appearance. A more realistic appearance by simulating global illumination effects has been too costly to compute at interactive rates. In this paper we describe a new Monte Carlo-based global illumination algorithm. It achieves performance of up to 10 frames per second while arbitrary chan...

We present a novel way to recover intrinsic fluorescence in turbid media based on Monte Carlo generated look-up tables and making use of a diffuse reflectance measurement taken at the same location. The method has been validated on various phantoms with known intrinsic fluorescence and is benchmarked against photon-migration methods. This new method combines more flexibility in the probe design...

As epidemiologists search for smaller and smaller effects, the statistical uncertainty in their studies can be dwarfed by biases and systematic uncertainty. We here suggest that Monte Carlo techniques are very useful to estimate some of these biases and uncertainties, and perhaps to avoid them entirely. We illustrate this by two simple Monte Carlo simulations. Firstly we show how often false po...

This paper presents dose calculation in proton therapy using Monte Carlo method and comparison with experimental data obtained at TOHOKU University’s cyclotron and isotope center in Japan. In this way, two Monte Carlo codes, FLUKA and MCNPX, has been employed to calculate percentage depth dose, lateral dose profiles, isodose curves and secondary particles production for proton pencil and broad ...

We review recent molecular modeling efforts to shed light on the mechanisms of zeolite formation. We focus on studies that model the early stages of silica polymerization and zeolite nucleation. Electronic structure calculations, classical molecular dynamics, atomistic Monte Carlo simulations and Monte Carlo simulations of lattice models have been used to probe the formation of zeolites and mes...

The lack of a primary method for determination of optical parameters remains a significant barrier in optical study of turbid media. We present a complete system of experimental setups and Monte Carlo modeling tools for fast and accurate solution of the inverse problem from the measured signals of homogeneous turbid samples. The calibration of the instrument and validation of the Monte Carlo mo...

The results of the structural properties of molten copper chloride are reported from high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements, reverse Monte Carlo modeling method, and molecular dynamics simulations using a polarizable ion model. The simulated X-ray structure factor reproduces all trends observed experimentally, in particular the shoulder at around 1 Å(-1) related to intermediate range orderi...