BACKGROUND Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) is an obligate intracellular bacterium causing the disease tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants. An effective vaccine against the infection has been demanded for livestock by sheep farmers and veterinary practitioners for years. FINDINGS In the present study, we immunized lambs with an inactivated suspension of 1...

Aotus lemurinus monkeys were immunized with pools of either lipid-tailed peptides injected in PBS or peptides in Montanide ISA-51, all derived from four Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens, namely, LSA1, LSA3, SALSA, and STARP. These formulations were well tolerated. Their immunogenicity was demonstrated by the induction of both B- and T-cell responses to most of the peptides studie...

Background: Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are considered to be the most serious health problems for animals humans. This issue prompts veterinarians researchers adopt better preventive control strategies. Therefore, this study aims develop hybridoma vaccine against Hylomma dromedarii infesting Camelus dromedaries. Methods: Myeloma cell culture was administered immunized mouse in order pr...

Despite representing the majority of the world's foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)-susceptible livestock, sheep and goats have generally been neglected with regard to their epidemiological role in the spread of FMD. In the present investigations, FMD virus quadrivalent double emulsion (Montanide ISA 206) vaccines were tested in sheep. The oil adjuvant elicited a better immune response at any time th...

Cancer immunotherapy is attractive for antigen-specific T cell-mediated anti-tumor therapy, especially in induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this report, we evaluated human CTL epitope-induced anti-tumor effects in human lung cancer xenograft models. The tumor associated antigen L6 (TAL6) is highly expressed in human lung cancer cell lines and tumor specimens as compared to normal lung ti...

Emulsion-based adjuvants are commonly used in animal vaccine formulations for several reasons including affordability, stability, and efficacy inducing disease-protecting immune responses. Here we report a novel, cost-effective, stable, self-emulsifying adjuvant (SEA1) that is prepared by simple low shear process or low-energy mixing without the use of expensive complex proprietary equipment. C...