nanoparticles classified in 4 overall groups containing: metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and semiconductor nanoparticles. these nanoparticles are used in some biomedical applications such as carrying medicine and photographing agents. with attention to different criteria which are both qualitative and quantitative, selecting the most suitable nanoparticles...

This article rereads J. M. Coetzee's Foe (1986) and its intertextual bond with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) in the framework of cognitive poetics to shed light on complex issue canonicity terms content form/style Foe. To this purpose, Marie-Laure Ryan's notions textual actual world (TAW) accessibility relations are used along Barbara Dancygier's concept narrative space construction exa...

In this paper we attempt to determine the nature and strength of the relationship between the use of formulaic sequences and productive fluency of native speakers of Polish. In particular, we seek to validate the claim that speech characterized by a higher incidence of formulaic sequences is produced more rapidly and with fewer hesitation phenomena. The analysis is based on monologic speeches d...

In this paper, we propose a hazard rate model for studying credit rating and credit rating changes. Theoretically the hazard rate model is more appropriate than the previous static models. Yet it is difficult to estimate hazard rate model, especially when the covariates are time-varying. This paper extends the results of Shumway(2001) and shows that a multiple-state hazard rate model can be est...

I examine whether rating agencies are more likely to cater to borrowers with rating-based performance pricing agreements (PPrating firms). This study uses data from Moody’s Financial Metrics on agency adjustments to investigate this prediction and exploits an unexpected adverse shock to firms’ credit risk as identification. The evidence is mixed. In the crosssection and for firms experiencing a...

In Parkinson's disease (PD) rating scales are used to assess the degree of disease-related disability and to titrate long-term treatment to each phase of the disease. Recognition of nonmotor symptoms required modification of existing widely used scales to integrate nonmotor elements. In addition, new scales have been developed for the assessment of nonmotor symptoms. In this article, assessment...

Sentiment analysis models often use ratings as labels, assuming that these ratings reflect the sentiment of the accompanying text. We investigate (i) whether human readers can infer ratings from review text, (ii) how human performance compares to a regression model, and (iii) whether model performance is affected by the rating “source” (i.e. original author vs. annotator). We collect IMDb movie...

In this paper we introduce an iterative voting algorithm and then use it to obtain a rating method which is very robust against collusion attacks as well as random and biased raters. Unlike the previous iterative methods, our method is not based on comparing submitted evaluations to an approximation of the final rating scores, and it entirely decouples credibility assessment of the cast evaluat...