Monitoring of ongoing processing plays a critical role in regulating cognitive function. Two event-related potential components, the error-related negativity (ERN) and N2, have been proposed to reflect this monitoring function. Specifically, it has been suggested that both components reflect the role of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in monitoring for the occurrence of response conflict. This ...

Deficits in neurocognitive functioning are an important area of late effects in survivors of pediatric brain tumors; however, a quantitative analysis of the magnitude of these deficits in survivors of brain tumors of the posterior fossa has not been conducted. Despite tumor locations in the posterior regions of the brain, individual studies have documented deficits in a variety of domains, refl...

Older adults show extensive variability in cognitive performance, including episodic memory. A portion of this variability could potentially be explained by genetic factors. Recent literature shows that the neurotransmitter serotonin plays an important role in memory processes, as enhancements of brain serotonin have led to memory improvement. Here, we have begun to explore genetic contribution...

Schizophrenia patients suffer from severe cognitive deficits, such as impaired reality monitoring. Reality monitoring is the ability to distinguish the source of internal experiences from outside reality. During reality monitoring tasks, schizophrenia patients make errors identifying "I made it up" items, and even during accurate performance, they show abnormally low activation of the medial pr...

The subject literature supports that patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) have a reduction in information processing speed and that this may contribute to deficits in attention, orientation and executive functioning including a deficit in mental flexibility, planning, self-monitoring, and problem solving. Therefore the aim of the present study was to remediate neuropsychological deficits ...

Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is a subtype of Guillain–Barré syndrome. Characteristic electrophysiological features of AMAN are reduced amplitude or absence of muscle action potentials. Our patient described progressive weakness in his leg and was not able to independently walk; he had a feeling weakness in his arms within 24 h after the onset of symptoms. He was diagnosed with AMAN acco...

Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing corrective surgery are at risk for iatrogenic spinal cord injury and subsequent new neurologic deficits (NNDs). Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) has been used to identify injury; however, available data showing that IONM leads improved clinical outcomes inconclusive. This exploratory study aimed examine the incidence of N...

PURPOSE To review the experience of one tertiary care institution with somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring during spinal surgery in order to assess the ability to monitor and predict neurological outcome effectively. METHODS Records of all patients undergoing spinal surgery during 18 mo were retrospectively reviewed. Information from the patient chart included preoperative neurol...