Vapor-phase clusters from ethanol–water liquid mixtures of varying compositions, generated by sampling the binary vapor in equilibrium with the liquid mixture, were examined with the aid of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The variation of the mole fraction of the alcohol in the cluster beam with the liquid mole fraction was found to be identical to that of the surface concentration obtained...

The ambipolar diffusion length is measured in strained &Gal-&/InP quantum wells for several mole fractions in the interval 0.3 <X <0.8 by cathodoluminescence. The ambipolar diffusion length is found to have a significantly higher value in the lower indium mole fraction samples corresponding to tensile-strained wells. This longer diffusion length for the tensile samples is consistent with result...

•OH and •HO2 radicals are known to be the key species in the development of ignition. A direct measurement of these radicals under low-temperature oxidation conditions (T = 550-1,000 K) has been achieved by coupling a technique named fluorescence assay by gas expansion, an experimental technique designed for the quantification of these radicals in the free atmosphere, to a jet-stirred reactor, ...

We have studied in depth the performance of superficial strained Si/Si1−x Gex channel MOSFETs. To do so, we developed a two-dimensional drift-diffusion simulator including inversion layer quantization and low-field mobility curves obtained by means of a Monte Carlo simulator. We have reproduced experimental results. The dependences of the performance enhancement obtained in these devices on the...

Practical, high-yield lignin depolymerization methods could greatly increase biorefinery productivity and profitability. However, development of these methods is limited by the presence of interunit carbon-carbon bonds within native lignin, and further by formation of such linkages during lignin extraction. We report that adding formaldehyde during biomass pretreatment produces a soluble lignin...

Nonviable, 5-iodouracil (IUra)-substituted bacteriophage T4td8 can be multiplicity reactivated. The data indicate that two nonviable, IUra-substituted T4td8 phage can complement each other intracellularly to produce viable progeny. Phage particles in lysates of T4td8-infected Escherichia coli BT(-), prepared in the presence of varying mole fractions of IUra plus thymine, were examined by infect...

Mixtures of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CnTAB, n=12, 14, 16, 18) and Triton X-100 were studied at a range of mole fractions of ionic surfactant per nonionic surfactant. For each mixture, the cmc obtained from surface tension measurements differed from that obtained using potentiometry. The behavior of these mixed-surfactant systems showed three different regions with increasing total surfac...