BACKGROUND Marriage is a significant event in life-course of individuals, and creates a system that characterizes societal and economic structures. Marital patterns and dynamics over the years have changed a lot, with decreasing proportions of marriage, increased levels of divorce and co-habitation in developing countries. Although, such changes have been reported in African societies including...

BACKGROUND The high rate of incarceration in the USA warrants continued exploration into understanding and ameliorating criminal behaviour. The growing use of cooperative games to measure developing prosocial behaviours has never been explored in a US criminal justice population. AIMS The aim of this study is to examine cooperative game play among offenders under supervision in the community....

The far-UV throughput of WFPC2 was monitored during December 1999 and January 2000 for any signs of unexpected throughput degradation following Servicing Mission 3a. No significant changes were detected.

Based on astrochemical theory, the complex molecular composition around high-mass YSOs should evolve from the outer envelope in toward the central hot region as a sequence of temperature dependent chemical pathways are activated in ices and in the gas-phase. The resulting complex molecules have been broadly classified into three generations dependent on the temperature (<25, >25, and >100 K) re...

Flash-cooling and annealing of macromolecular crystals have been investigated using in situ X-ray imaging, diffraction-peak lineshape measurements and conventional crystallographic diffraction. The dominant mechanisms by which flash-cooling creates disorder are suggested and a fixed-temperature annealing protocol for reducing this disorder is demonstrated that should be more reliable and flexib...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of changes of occlusal contacts on adjacent tooth displacement during articulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount and direction of displacement of the maxillary left first molar and adjacent teeth were measured using a displacement transducer, Type M-3. Seven subjects were included in this study. On the maxillary left first mol...

We report on a resonant photoemission study of Ni and Co metal at the LIn soft-X-ray absorption threshold. The valence-band spectra as well as the 3p and 3s emission exhibit an enhancement at resonance. For Ni metal, a quantitative analysis shows that the increase of the 3p and 3s emission signal is mainly due to an incoherent superposition of the photoemission and the Auger channels. In case o...

OBJECTIVE A calcium antagonist, nifedipine, causes gingival overgrowth as a side effect. It has been confirmed that the Japanese traditional medicine, Saireito, inhibits the nifedipine-induced proliferation of gingival fibroblasts in vitro. We performed an in vivo experiment to determine whether Saireito has a therapeutic use in the treatment of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. METHODS...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effects of maxillary second and third molar eruption status on the distalization of first molars with a modified palatal anchorage plate (MPAP), and (2) compare the results to the outcomes of the use of a pendulum and that of a headgear using three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS Three eruption stages were established: an erupting se...

the most difficult maxillary teeth for endodontic treatment are the maxillary first molars (mfm) due to their complex root canal anatomy. the presence of two roots and c-shaped canals in mfms has been reported in rare cases. the present case reports root canal treatment of mfm with two roots, where the palatal and buccal roots were joined together in a c-shaped configuration .