Insects, like other organisms, must deal with a wide variety of potentially challenging environmental factors during the course of their life. An important example of such a challenge is the phenomenon of oxidative stress. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of adipokinetic hormones (AKH) as principal stress responsive hormones in insects involved in activation of anti-oxid...

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(18)H(18)O(2), a symmetrically phenol-substituted divinyl analog, exhibits crystallographically imposed C(2) symmetry. The phenolic and divinyl planar groups inter-sect each other orthogonally, with a dihedral angle of 82.7 (1)°. The structure is stabilized by a short intra-molecular C-H⋯O contact. The mol-ecules are held together by C-H⋯π inter-actions, fo...

There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(18)H(18)N(2)O(3). In each one, the benzimidazole ring system is essentially planar, with maximum deviations of 0.027 (1) and 0.032 (1)Å, and makes dihedral angles of 38.64 (6) and 41.48 (6)°, respectively, with the attached benzene rings. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed in each mol-ecule. The two indepen...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(18)H(18)N(2)O(2), consists of two independent mol-ecules, each of which is located about a center of inversion. The mol-ecules are not planar, showing dihedral angles of 55.84 (9) and 54.10 (8)° between the piperazinedione and the aromatic rings. The piperazine N atoms exhibit a planar configuration. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecul...

The title compound, C(19)H(18)O(5), crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in an asymmetric unit in both of which the two aromatic rings are in a bis-ectional orientation as evidenced by the dihedral angle between them [41.7 (1)° in mol-ecule A and 35.6 (1)° in mol-ecule B]. Both mol-ecules adopt an E configuration with respect to the C=C bond. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen-...

The title compound, C(18)H(17)NO(4), crystallizes with two indepen-dent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The pyrrolidine ring in one mol-ecule is disordered over two positions, with refined site-occupancy factors of 0.853 (5) and 0.147 (5). The dihedral angles between the planes of the benzene rings in the two independent mol-ecules are 56.8 (2) and 68.2 (5)°. The mol-ecular conformations are...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sn(C(3)H(6)NO)Cl(3)(H(2)O)](2)·C(12)H(24)O(6), comprises a six-coordinate tin complex and a 18-crown-6 mol-ecule, the latter disposed about a centre of inversion. The tin atom is coordinated by three Cl atoms, that define a facial arrangement, a chelating C-,O- ligand, and a water mol-ecule. The resulting CCl(3)O(2) donor set defines a distorted octa-...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(18)H(16)N(2)O(2), contains two independent mol-ecules (A and B). In mol-ecule A, the pyrazole ring is inclined at angles of 48.86 (6) and 60.80 (6)° with respect to the two phenyl rings; the corresponding angles for mol-ecule B are 46.86 (6) and 58.63 (6)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules of type A are linked into sheets parallel to (001) via weak C-H⋯O h...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(7)H(10)N(2)O(4)S, comprises of two independent mol-ecules (A and B) which differ in the orientation of the methyl-sulfonyl group [C-S-C-N = 157.98 (13)° in mol-ecule A and 6.09 (18)° in mol-ecule B]. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules of type A are linked into chains along the a axis by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The B mol-ecules are lin...