Nowadays, the increase in consumption and shortening of life cycle products significantly amount waste generated, causing serious environmental problems. As a result, management has become one most important tasks 21st century, which puts huge burden on economy. Waste means practical implementation protection environment from harmful effects entire waste. This is process that involves preventio...

Prince Muhammad Bin Salman’s 2030 vision has amplified the importance of English language in Saudi Arabia and efforts to increase its use Kingdom. This need is illustrated by increasing trend universities certain corporations requiring prospective students take regional standardized examinations. The goal this study identify female EFL learners’ pronunciation issues, assess needed help, suggest...

research-article Share on A panoramic survey of natural language processing in the Arab world Authors: Kareem Darwish Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar QatarView Profile , Nizar Habash New York University Abu Dhabi, United Emirates EmiratesView Mourad Abbas (CRSTDLA), Bouzareah, Algeria AlgeriaView Hend Al-Khalifa King Saud Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ArabiaView Huseein T. Al-Natsheh Mawdoo3, ...

The perceived shift from chaos to an evolving order in Syria presents a challenge to Israel’s policy of limited intervention. Iran’s growing influence in Syria and its efforts to improve Hezbollah’s strategic capacities presents Israeli decision-makers with a sense of urgency to act now while the future settlement in Syria is still being shaped in order to avoid a fait accompli of an Iranian st...

It is becoming increasingly evident that cognitive radio (CR) users in CR networks acting in uncertain dynamical environments often employ exact or approximate Bayesian statistical calculations in order to continuously estimate the channel states. In this work we propose a prediction/filtering channel state estimation model capable of exactly implementing Bayesian state estimation and predictio...

Syria is a country with a population of 23 millions. The first kidney transplant in Syria was performed in 1979 at Harasta Hospital in Damascus. The donor was a living relative; the recipient received simple immunosuppressants comprising of azathioprine and steroids as the transplantation took place prior to the cyclosporine era. However, the renal allograft remained functional for more than 25...

Electronic Government (hereafter eGov) is a transformative agent upon political and civic activity: it involves the provision and use of information and services by citizens, businesses and governments; and thus has the potential to increase civic efficiency and transparency; to facilitate interaction between public, private and government entities; and ultimately to promote democracy and polit...

INTRODUCTION The association between education and wealth, as fundamental determinants of health, and smoking is well-established. Yet, social inequalities have received little attention in the expanding field of tobacco research in the Arab region. In this study, we examine inequalities in cigarette smoking by education and wealth in four Arab countries. METHODS Utilizing the most recently a...