Twelve microsatellite loci previously developed in the tropical tree Cariniana estrellensis were genetically characterized in Cariniana legalis. Polymorphisms were assessed in 28 C. legalis individuals found between the Pardo and Mogi-Guaçu River basins in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 12 loci, 10 were polymorphic and exhibited Mendelian inheritance. The allelic richness at each locus ...

Local density approximation + Hubbard U (LDA + U) band structure calculations reveal that magnetite (Fe3O4) forms an insulating charge-orbital-ordered state below the Verwey transition temperature. The calculated charge ordering is in good agreement with that inferred from recent experiments. We found an associated t(2g) orbital ordering on the octahedral Fe2+ sublattice. Such an orbital orderi...

A new contact bond model based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion has been implemented in PFC2D to reproduce the behaviour of frictional cohesive (c, φ) geomaterials. According to this model, the bond strength can be clearly divided into two distinct micromechanical contributions: an intergranular friction angle and a cohesive bond force. A parametric analysis has been run to validate the pr...

Although rocks, at least some of them, are nearly as old as the Earth itself, their behavior continues to play an important role in a variety of applications and phenomena of societal interest. These include natural disasters, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Rocks are widely used for building materials, foundations, tunnels and underground facilities. Most of the world’s...

We propose a trick which enables one to incorporate the Gribov horizon into the Schwinger-Dyson equation in Landau and Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory, using the Gribov-Zwanziger framework with the horizon term. We find a family of solutions parameterized by one-parameter wR(0) which was overlooked so far by assuming to be zero implicitly. The family includes both the scaling and decoupling sol...

Charge and orbital ordering in the low-temperature monoclinic structure of magnetite (Fe3O4) is investigated using the local spin density approximation with Coulomb interaction correction method. While the difference between t(2g) minority occupancies of Fe(2+)(B) and Fe(3+)(B) cations is large and gives direct evidence for charge ordering, the screening is so effective that the total 3d charge...

An arc-length equilibrium path-following method is proposed for two-dimensional quasi-static frictional contact problems. We consider the Coulomb friction law as well as geometrical nonlinearity. Incorporating a criterion of maximum dissipation of energy, we propose a formulation as a mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC) in order to avoid unloading solutions in which mos...

Macrophytes in oxbow lakes represent an important substrate for the Coleoptera. Two oxbow lakes the Rio Paranapanema were studied and the other two Rio Mogi-Guaçu, in the State de São Paulo, Brasil. In this study, there is greater similarity between the communities of Coleoptera of lakes greater connectivity with the main river channel or the difference in the species of Salvinia collected in t...

In this paper, dynamic and stability analysis of a flexible cam-follower system is investigated. Equation of motion is derived considering flexibility of the follower and camshaft. Viscous and Coulomb frictions are considered in the rocker arm pivot. The normalized equation of motion of the system is a 2nd- order differential equation with periodic coefficients.&#10Floquet theory is employed to...

Under stress, the microcracks in rock evolve (initiation, growth and coalescence) from damage to fracture with a continuous process. In order to describe this continuous process, a damage-softening statistical constitutive model for rock was proposed based on the Weibull distribution of mesoscopic element strength. This model usually adopts the Drucker–Prager criterion as its distribution param...