Aim To determine whether single-word speechreading is sensitive to prior phrase context. Background We used a well-established Event Related Potential (ERP) paradigm to elicit the N400, a negative wave around 400 ms. The N400 reflects activation by lexical semantic features and is modulated by contextual integration. Methods Seventeen adult native English speakers participated. They were shown ...

More innovative test methods may measure language learners’ test performance more accurately, contributing to much fairer decisions. This study examined Iranian language learners’ performance on cloze-elide test as an innovative, integrative test method. It specifically focused on investigating whether personality types correlated with their performance and whether personality types could predi...

This study aims to produce non-textbooks based on ethnobotany in Situbondo district as a source of quality student learning with valid, practical, and effective nature. The research used the Borg Gall development model which consisted 5 stages according needs. subjects were students from two class X MIPA at SMAN 1 Panarukan. Non-text books are validated by material expert validators, experts, m...