Given that more than 30% of healthcare costs are wasted on inappropriate care, suboptimal care is increasingly connected to the quality of medical decisions. It has been argued that personal decisions are the leading cause of death, and 80% of healthcare expenditures result from physicians' decisions. Therefore, improving healthcare necessitates improving medical decisions, ie, making decisions...

A theory of rationality is a theory that evaluates instances of reasoning as rational, irrational, or (ir)rational to some degree. Theories can be categorized as rule-based or consequentialist. Rule-based theories say that rational reasoning accords with certain rules (e.g., of logic or probability). Consequentialist theories say that rational reasoning tends to produce good consequences. For i...

Organizational theorists built their knowledge of decision-making through a progressive critique of rational choice theory. Their positioning towards rationality however, is at odds with the observation of rationality persistence in organizational life. This paper addresses this paradox. It proposes a new perspective on rationality that allows the theorizing of the production of rational decisi...

This chapter reviews selected findings in research on reasoning, judgment, and choice and considers the systematic ways in which people violate basic requirements of the corresponding normative analyses. Recent objections to the empirical findings are then considered; these objections question the findings' relevance to assumptions about rationality. These objections address the adequacy of the...

Best-response sets (Pearce [29, 1984]) characterize the epistemic condition of “rationality and common belief of rationality.” When rationality incorporates a weak-dominance (admissibility) requirement, the self-admissible set (SAS) concept (Brandenburger-Friedenberg-Keisler [18, 2008]) characterizes “rationality and common assumption of rationality.” We analyze the behavior of SAS’s in some ga...

Research and scientific explanation about discourse democracy theory of Jurgen Habermas  and studying and evaluating reflection and generalization of his philosophical and epistemological principles are objectives which the researcher follows in this research From this view, there is studied representation of concepts and categories such as cognitive interests, communication action, discoursing...

Decisions continue to be important researchers, organizations and societies. However, decision research requires re-orientation attain the future of data-driven making, accommodating such emerging topics information technologies as big data, analytics, machine learning, automated decisions. Accordingly, there is a dire need for re-forming theories encompass new phenomena. This paper proposes mo...

In deconstructing social imagination, the author uses perspectives of Muhammed Arkoun to Al-Jabiry as an effort dismantle reason which still has a negative role for people. The ideas that must be deconstructed are myths, rituals, ideologies, norms, values, beliefs, and orthodox-dogmatic systems thought. So answer it all, using sciences reasoning; philosophy, anthropology, sociology, psychology,...