We study a nonlinear, unsteady, moving boundary, fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem in which the structure is composed of two layers: a thick layer, and a thin layer which serves as a fluid–structure interface with mass. The fluid flow, which is driven by the time-dependent dynamic pressure data, is modeled by the Navier–Stokes equations for an incompressible, viscous fluid, defined on a...

The constructive replication of a prespecified, cognitively mediated model of rape’s impact on psychosocial health is reported using longitudinal data (see Koss, Figueredo, & Prince, 2002, for a summary of model development). Rape survivors (n = 59) were assessed four times, 3 to 24 months postrape. Structural equations modeling of baseline data (intercepts) and rate of change over time (slopes...

We look more carefully at the modeling of causality using structural equations. It is clear that the structural equations can have a major impact on the conclusions we draw about causality. In particular, the choice of variables and their values can also have a significant impact on causality. These choices are, to some extent, subjective. We consider what counts as an appropriate choice. More ...

Thrust generation and scaling parameters for flapping flexible wings are investigated using an integrated framework of computational fluid dynamics and structural dynamics solvers. To explore the influences of the density ratio and the effective stiffness on the thrust generation, surrogate models have been generated for a flapping thin isotropic flat Zimmerman wing in still air at = 1.5×10. Ti...

Likelihood ratio criteria are developed for hypotheses concerning multivariate regression matrices when reduced rank is assumed or equivalently hypotheses concerning linear restrictions on regression matrices. In an econometric simultaneous equation model a single restriction may be called a ”structural equation.” A model of reduced rank in statistics is often termed a ”linear functional relati...

Consider testing the null hypothesis that a single structural equation has specified coefficients. The alternative hypothesis is that the relevant part of the reduced form matrix has proper rank, that is, that the equation is identified. The usual linear model with normal disturbances is invariant with respect to linear transformations of the endogenous and of the exogenous variables. When the ...

firms invest in their learning activities to improve their innovative efforts. these kinds of activities are either internal or external. knowledge which flows among local actors is one of the external learning factors. spontaneous knowledge flows among firms without any compensation or with compensation less than the real value is called knowledge spillover. this paper analyzes the effect of k...

researchers in their reviewing of international market literature which practical experiences in iran indicate it demonstrate that to choose a foreign market there are two approaches: expansion and systematic approach. firms that use expansion approach, through the culturally and geographically similar markets starts working in international markets. however, in systematic approach, firms use a...

a moment equations method was performed to study the reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerization (rtcp) of styrene in 80°c. to do this, a kinetic scheme containing conventional free radical polymerization reactions and equilibrium reactions of rtcp was assumed. after obtaining mass balance equations, three moment equations were defined for free and dormant radicals and dead chains. monom...

this survey-study carried out among 360 randomly selected farmers living in drought-prone areas of fars province, iran, set out to investigate the perceptions and psychologi-cal coping strategies of farmers when facing drought. results showed that farmers per-ceived drought as a threat to all of their resources (material, conditions, personal, social and energies) and used emotion-focused and r...